Transcript Document
Overview and Introduction to RAPID Lessons and Tools John Young 6 lessons from our work 2 Policy processes and social realities are complex Research plays a minor role in policy and practice But it is possible for research to play a role Must understand landscape Policy and social entrepreneurs need a set of skills Intent is necessary! Policy processes are not... Identify the problem Commission research Analyse the results Choose the best option Establish the policy Implement the policy Evaluation 3 Policy processes are more like ... Cabinet Donors Policy Formulation Agenda Setting Parliament Decision Making Civil Society Monitoring and Evaluation 4 Private Sector Ministries Policy Implementation Policy and complexity • Interconnected • Feedback • Emergence • • • • • • • 5 Nonlinearity Sensitivity Changing Edge of chaos Adaptive agents Self-organising Co-evolution The gap between research and policy gap Research Policy Bridge 6 No gap between research and policy Crowded Technocratic networks Universities Political NGOs Ideological parties think tanks Think Internal Regulatory tanks bodies think tanks UN Think Lobbies tanks Executive Public think tanks corporations Map The six lessons 8 Policy processes and social realities are complex Evidence plays a minor role in policy and practice But it is possible for research to play a role Must understand landscape Policy and social entrepreneurs need a set of skills Intent is necessary! Policy makers are… …practically incapable of using evidence because of the 5 Ss… • Speed • Superficiality • Spin • Secrecy • Scientific Ignorance Vincent Cable – Lib. Democrat MP & Shadow Minister of Finance More at: www.odi.org.uk/RAPID/Meetings/Evidence 9 There are many factors Experience & Expertise Pragmatics & Contingencies Lobbyists & Pressure Groups Judgement Evidence Resources Habits & Tradition 10 Values and Policy Context Source: Phil Davies Impact to Insight Meeting, ODI, 2005 Different notions of evidence Researchers Policy Makers • ‘Scientific’ (Context free) • Colloquial (Contextual) • Proven empirically • Anything that seems reasonable • Theoretically driven • As long as it takes • Caveats and qualifications 11 • Policy relevant • Timely • Clear Message Source: Phil Davies Impact to Insight Meeting, ODI, 2005 The six lessons Policy processes and social realities are complex Research plays a minor role in policy and practice But it is possible for evidence to play a role Must understand landscape Policy and social entrepreneurs need a set of skills Intent is necessary! Health Care in Tanzania “The results of household disease surveys informed processes of health service reform which contributed to a 43 and 46 per cent reduction in infant mortality between 2000 and 2003 in two districts in rural Tanzania.” TEHIP Project, Tanzania: www.idrc.ca/tehip Some IE Examples • Progresa-Oportunidades (2004) – IFPRI – Mexican Government – Direct impact on programme – Popularised RCTs • Deworming in Kenya (2004) – International Child Support Africa + Kenyan Government – JPAL • Microcredit in Bangladesh (2008) – Highly contested – Political controversy re Microcredit 14 The six lessons Policy processes and social realities are complex Research plays a minor role in policy and practice But it is possible for research to play a role Must understand landscape Policy and social entrepreneurs need a set of skills Intent is necessary! 15 An analytical framework External Influences Socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies etc The links between policy and research communities – networks, relationships, power, trust, knowledge etc. 16 The political context – political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change etc. The evidence – credibility, the degree it challenges received wisdom, research approaches and methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc A practical framework External Influences Politics and Policymaking Campaigning, Lobbying Scientific information exchange & validation 17 political context Media, Advocacy, Networking links Policy analysis, & research Research, learning & thinking evidence The six lessons Policy processes and social realities are complex Research plays a minor role in policy and practice But it is possible for research to play a role Must understand landscape Policy and social entrepreneurs need a set of skills Intent is necessary! 18 Policy and social entrepreneurs Storyteller Engineer 19 Networker Researcher Fixer The six lessons Policy processes and social realities are complex Research plays a minor role in policy and practice But it is possible for research to play a role Must understand landscape Policy and social entrepreneurs need a set of skills Intent is necessary 20 To maximise impact you need to: • focus more on policy • establish different incentives • establish different systems • spend more on communications • engage with different actors • produce different products • be ready to seize unexpected policy opportunities and move very fast 21 Any questions? RAPID Outcome Mapping Approach 23 Different time, different approaches Media strategy Online communications Develop a network or partnership Academic research communications Policy advocacy coalition More research 24 Different roles and functions Message based on Ideology, values or interests Applied, empirical Theoretical or or synthesis academic research research Mode of work The Media Independent research Consultancy Influence/advocacy 25 . Applied research centers in Universities Oxbridge Internal think tanks, ideological “Independent centers, Think tanks” interest groups, Consultancies NGOs, lobbies Political parties Chief scientific advisors, Academic/Opinion leaders Types of policy change Procedural changes 26 The steps Start by defining your policy objectives – constantly review them during the process 27 The RAPID Framework External Influences Socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies etc The links between policy and research communities – networks, relationships, power, competing discourses, trust, knowledge etc. 28 The political context – political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change etc. The evidence – credibility, the degree it challenges received wisdom, research approaches and methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc Political economy analysis 29 The steps Start by defining your policy objectives – constantly review them during the process 30 Identifying audiences 1. Identify all stakeholders 2. Map them onto the alignment / interest matrix 3. Identify who has power 4. Identify who you can influence 31 High General level of alignment AIIM Matrix Develop enthusiasm to address topic Learn in partnership Develop awareness and enthusiasm Challenge existing beliefs Low Low Interest in specific topic High The steps Start by defining your policy objectives – constantly review them during the process 32 Progress Markers • Move from initial to more profound changes in behaviour • Show transformation in a single boundary partner • More informative than a single indicator 33 Outcome Mapping OUTCOME MAPPING: Building Learning and Reflection into Development Programs Sarah Earl, Fred Carden, and Terry Smutylo http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-9330-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html 34 The steps Start by defining your policy objectives – constantly review them during the process 35 Force Field Analysis Your influence on the force Positive forces Negative forces Plan: 36 4 4 Funds 5 1 CSOs 2 2 Public demand ? ? ? Minister of Trade puts forward propoor trade and complementary policy programme to the cabinet by April 2008 Your influence on the force MEF 5 * Time 3 ? ? ? ? 5 1 ? ? Assessing internal capacity Start by defining your policy objectives – constantly review them during the process 37 SWOT Analysis • What type of policy influencing skills and capacities do we have? • In what areas have our staff used them more effectively? • Who are our strongest allies? • When have they worked with us? • Are there any windows of opportunity? • What can affect our ability to influence policy? 38 Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Monitoring and Evaluating Start by defining your policy objectives – constantly review them during the process 39 Stories Stories of change 1. Situation 2. A change or challenge 3. Action 4. Result 5. Lesson 40 After Action Review An after action review asks 4 simple questions: • What was supposed to happen? • What actually happened? • Why was there a difference? • What can we learn from it? 41 15 minute team debrief, conducted in a “rank-free” environment. Other tools • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • RAPID Framework Drivers of Change Power Analysis SWOT Influence Mapping Force Field Analysis Start by defining your policy objectives – constantly review them during the process Log Frame (flexible) Outcome Mapping Journals or impact logs Internal monitoring tools • Policy entrepreneur questionnaire • SWOT • Internal performance frameworks 42 AIIM Stakeholder analysis Influence Mapping Social Network Analysis Force Field Analysis • Progress Markers • Opportunities and Threats timeline • Policy Objectives • AIIM • Force Field Analysis • Force Field Analysis • • • • • Publications, public relations Media and events Negotiation and advice Develop a network or coalition Research Resources • Bridging Research and Policy in International Development. An analytical and practical framework. ODI/RAPID Briefing Paper 1. 2004 - http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp? id=159&title=bridging-research-policy-international-development-analytical-practical-framework • Helping researchers become policy entrepreneurs. How to develop engagement strategies for evidence-based policy-making. John Young and Enrique Mendizabal. ODI Briefing Paper 53. 2009 http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=1127&title=become-policy-entrepreneur-roma • 3ie Clinic IE Case Studies - ????? • Tools for Policy Impact: A Handbook for Researchers, ODI Toolkits, September 2004 http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=156&title=tools-policy-impact-handbook-esearchers • Tools for Knowledge and Learning: A Guide for Development and Humanitarian Organisations ODI Toolkits, June 2006 - http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=153&title=tools-knowledgelearning-guide-development-humanitarian-organisations • Problem-driven governance and political economy analysis, Good Practice Framework, Verena Fritz, Kai Kaiser, Brian Levy, World Bank 2009 - http://www.odi.org.uk/events/docs/3791.pdf • DFID Political Economy Analysis How To Note – July 2009 - http://www.odi.org.uk/ events/docs/3797.pdf • Outcome Mapping: Building Learning and Reflection into Development Programs. Sarah Earl, Fred Carden, and Terry Smutylo IDRC http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Resources/Publications/Pages/ IDRCBookDetails.aspx?PublicationID=121 • Knowledge to Policy. Making the Most of Development Research. Fred Carden. IDRC 2009. http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Resources/Publications/Pages/IDRCBookDetails.aspx?PublicationID=70 • 3ie/ODI Policy Impact Toolkit - http://policyimpacttoolkit.squarespace.com/ Any questions?