Transcript Slide 1

About Albert Bandera

Born -December 4,
1925)
Nationalitynanadian/American
 FieldsPsychology,
Philosophy of Action
 InstitutionsStanford
niversityAlma
materUniversity of
British Columbia
University of Iowa
Albert Bandura
Social Learning 



People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes
of those behaviors. “Most human behavior is learned observationally
through modeling: from observing others,
The Behaviors that can be learned through modeling:
Many behaviors can be learned, at least partly, through modeling.
Examples that can be cited are, students can watch parents read,
students can watch the demonstrations of mathematics problems,
or seen someone acting bravely and a fearful situation. Aggression
can be learned through models. Much research indicate that
children become more aggressive when they observed aggressive
or violent models. Moral thinking and moral behavior are influenced
by observation and modeling. This includes moral judgments
regarding right and wrong which can in part, develop through
modeling.
The Booby doll experiment
In this experiment, he had children witness a model aggressively attacking a
plastic clown called the Bobo doll. There children would watch a video
where a model would aggressively hit a doll and " ‘...the model pummels it
on the head with a mallet, hurls it down, sits on it and punches it on the
nose repeatedly, kick it across the room, flings it in the air, and bombards it
with balls...’(After the video, the children were placed in a room with
attractive toys, but they could not touch them. The process of retention had
occurred. Therefore, the children became angry and frustrated. Then the
children were led to another room where there were identical toys used in
the Bobo video. The motivation phase was in occurrence. the same children
reproduce the violent behavior observed in the Bobo doll .
Factor affecting the
modeling
Characteristics of
model
Characteristics of
observer
motivation
Charecterstics of modle
• Similarity ,between model and subject on
sex ,age status.
Characteristics of
observer
Positive response to imitated–learning
behavior
 Negative response to imitated- no
learning


Not all observed behaviors are effectively
learned. Factors involving both the model
and the learner can play a role in whether
social learning is successful. Certain
requirements and steps must also be
followed. The following steps are involved
in the observational learning and modeling
process:
 the person must first pay attention to the model.
various factors increase or decrease the amount
of attention paid. If the model is colorful and
dramatic,, you will pay more attention. And if the
model seems more like yourself, you pay more
attention.
The ability to store information.we store what we
have seen the model doing in the form of mental
images or verbal descriptions. When so stored,
you can later “bring up” the image or description,
so that you can to pull up information later.
Includes symbolic coding, mental images,
symbolic rehearsal.
symbolic representation
imaginable system
verbal representation

Once you have paid attention to the model
and retained the information, it is time to
actually perform the behavior you
observed. Further practice of the learned
behavior leads to improvement.

Finally, in order for observational learning to
be successful, you have to be motivated to
imitate the behavior that has been modeled.
Reinforcement and punishment play an
important role in motivation. While
experiencing these motivators can be highly
effective, so can observing other experience
some type of reinforcement or punishment.
 Attention: first pay attention to the model.
 Retention: remember the behavior that has
been observed.
 Reproduction: the ability to replicate the
behavior that the model has just
demonstrated.
 Motivation: the final necessary ingredient for
modeling to occur is motivation, learners
must want to demonstrate what they have
learned.
 prepared



by
Sheeren siddiqui
M.Ed. 2011
Maharaja college ujjain,M.P.