Father Absence – African American Males
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Transcript Father Absence – African American Males
Understanding Latinos and
Latinas
Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.
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The link between physical and
emotional
believe that strong emotions may
cause physical illness and thus
perceive the psyche as affecting one’s
physical condition.
They would rather seek medical
treatment.
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Slow to accept mental health
services
Why?
high tolerance for psychopathology
among Latino/Latina families.
barriers such as economics, language,
environment and sociocultural factors.
Issues with the therapy.
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Reference Issues
Hispanic (e.g. census descriptor)
Latino is a nongendered term.
Latinos refer to males and Latinas to
females.
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Population Estimates
2000 US Census
12.5 percent
35.3 million in the US
Projection 2030 – 63 million
Projection 2050 – 88 million
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Education
Over 1/4th have less than a 9th grade
education.
Approximately 2/5 have not graduated
from high school.
Latino/Latina children are often
misplaced into special ed classrooms
directed into non-college bond tracks
(Gay, 2000).
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Employment & Income
By 2000, almost 7% of Latinos/Latinas age
16 and older were unemployed as
compared to 3.4 % Whites.
Puerto Ricans have the highest
unemployment rates (8.1%) whereas
Central and South Americans have the
lowest (5.1%).
For those employed FT – 1/4th earned
$35,000 or more as compared to 50% of
Whites.
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Religion
Predominant religion – Catholicism.
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The Latino/Latina College
Student
Issues:
lower SES status
underemployment
experiences of oppression and racism.
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Some Issues
Acculturation
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Traditionalism-Modernism
Strict and separate role definitions for
men and women
Strong family and community (group)
identity and loyalty as contrasted with
individualism
Time orientation to the past and present
vs the future
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Traditionalism-Modernism
Valuing of age (elderly) vs youth
Valuing of traditions and rituals
Subservience to conventions and
authority vs questioning of authority
Valuing of spirituality vs secularism
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Familismo
Familism or familismo refers to
Latino/as’ profound sense of family.
Strong feelings of loyalty
Interdependence
Family needs vs. individual needs
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Family
extended kinship systems
Nonrelated family members
compadres or comadres
padrinos or madrinas
hijos de crianza
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Family
La familia serves as a natural support
system
providing support
acting as a buffer against stress
Latino/a nuclear families to expand to
include extended family members,
nonblood-related members, new
generations, and adult members
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Family as a liability
In the Latino/a culture, family support
can be both a strength and a liability.
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Great value placed upon:
Great value is placed on manners,
courtesy, and harmonious
relationships.
As a result, conflict, direct argument,
and contradiciton are considered rude.
Such a cultural script
deviate from the simpatia are likely to be
rejected by more traditional Latinos/as.
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Gender Roles
Gender roles in the Latino/a cultures
are frequently represented as negative
stereotypes.
Latinos/as continue to adhere to
traditional gender roles.
Modification?
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Gender
Machismo: traditional sex roles
Historically, Mexican concepts of
machismo.
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Machismo
Machismo has both positive and
negative connotations; but it is almost
always negatively defined.
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Negative Stereotypes
The negative stereotypes and
perceptions of Latinos/as are many.
marianismo and hembrismo
Marianismo: the value that women are
expected to revere and emulate the Virgin
Mary and endure suffering.
Hembrismo: embodies “femaleness”
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Latino/a youth
Latino/a youth
unique mental health issues
acculturation gap
lower SES
Undereducation
negative stereotypes
experiences of oppression and racism.
Other issues
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Older Adults
Problems:
Physical and emotional difficulties of aging
compounded with:
Cultural alienation
Racial discrimination
Language barriers
Lack of health insurance
Limited financial resources
Different cultural customs and beliefs
poverty
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