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Unit Eight
HONESTY: IS IT GOING
OUT OF STYLE?
I.. New Words:
1. behavior:
1) way of behaving
举止，行为
I am surprised to witness his
rude behavior to his mother.
我亲眼目睹他对母亲的粗鲁行为，
这让我很吃惊。
His son won a prize for good
behavior at school.
他的儿子因在学校的良好行为而获奖。
2) the way a machine behaves
运转，表现
The new furnace’s behavior
is satisfactory.
这台新熔炉的运转情况令人满意。
2. indication:
1) sign or suggestion 迹象
There is not much indication
that the draught will be
over soon.
没有太多的迹象表明干旱会很快
结束。
The bed showed indications
of being slept in.
这床显示有人睡过的迹象。
2) pointing to or out
指示，指出
The indication of that arrow is
that visitors should turn left
here.
那个箭头指示，游人应该在这向左拐。
We use different tones for the
indication of different
meanings.
我们用不同的色/音调来表示不同的
意思。
3. corresponding:
1) matching 相应的
The average temperature in July
this year is 0.5 degree higher
than that in the corresponding
period last year.
今年七月的平均温度比去年的相应
时期高0.5度。
All rights carry with
them corresponding
responsibilities.
所有的权力都伴随着相应的责任。
2) the same 相同的
The police found
corresponding footprints
outside the house where the
murder took place.
警察在屋外发生谋杀的地方发现了相
同的脚印。
4. charge:
n. 1) accusation 指控
The former football star was
arrested on a charge of
manslaughter.
这位前足球明星因被指控杀人而被捕。
The ex-president now faces
charges of sexual harassment.
这位前总统现在面临性骚扰指控。
2) price asked for goods or
services 费用
Service charges are not
included in hotel rates.
服务费不包括在旅馆收费当中。
You can dial 1—800 numbers
free of charge.
你可以免费拨打1—800。
3) amount of electricity
contained in a substance
电荷
a negative/positive charge
负/正电荷
v. 1) accuse 指控
The boxer was charged with
rape.
这名拳击手被指控犯强奸罪。
His former secretary charged
him with sexual harassment.
他的前任秘书指控他性骚扰。
2) ask as a price 收费，索价
The railway company charges
half price for students.
铁路公司对学生只收半价。
The hotel charges $2 for
washing and ironing a shirt.
这家旅馆洗熨衣服收费2美圆。
3) put an amount of electricity
into 充 电
Batteries for mobile phones
need charging every eight
hours.
移动电话的电池需每8小时充电一次。
5. possess: have; own
拥有，占有
He was charged with possessing
drugs.
他被指控拥有毒品。
He lost all he possessed in the
fire.
他在火灾中损失了他拥有的一切。
6. requirement: sth. needed or
demanded
要求，必要条件
We will try our best to meet
the requirements of our
customers.
我们会尽全力满足顾客的要求。
Chinese, math, and English are
three major requirements in
college entrance.
语文、数学和英语是上大学的三个主要
要求。
7. launch: v. 1) start; set going
发起，发动
The government launched an
attack against corruption.
政府发起了反对腐败的运动。
Truck drivers in France
launched a strike.
法国的卡车司机们发动了一场罢工。
2) set a ship afloat
使（船）下水
The ship was launched two years
ago.
这条船是两年前下水的。
Two lifeboats were launched to
rescue the fishermen.
两条救生艇被放下去救渔民。
3) set a rocket, missile, etc. in
motion 发 射
launch a satellite/ rocket/
missile
发射卫星/ 火箭/ 导弹
It is expensive to launch an
astronaut into outer space.
将宇航员送到外层太空是很昂贵的。
n. setting in motion
发射，下水
The world was shocked at the
failed launch of spaceship
“Challenger”.
“挑战者号”宇宙飞船发射失败震惊
了世界。
The launch of a new ship is
usually celebrated with
champagne.
新船下水通常用香槟来庆祝。
8. campaign: 1) series of planned
activities for some special
purpose
运 动
The Parent-Teacher Association
started a campaign against
smoking in school.
家长教师协会发动了一场运动抵制
在校园吸烟。
The Democratic Party launched
/carried on a fund-raising
campaign.
民主党发动了集资运动。
2) series of planned military
operations with a set purpose
战 役
the air campaign
空中战役
The soldier was awarded three
campaign medals for bravery.
这名士兵因勇敢而被授予三枚军功
章。
9. arrest: v. seize (sb.) in the
name of law
逮 捕
The police arrested the drunken
driver three days after the
accident.
在事故发生后三天警察逮捕了那名
醉酒司机。
My neighbor was arrested on
suspicion of having sent
several mail bombs.
我的邻居因被怀疑邮寄了几次邮件
炸弹而被捕。
n. seizing (sb.) in the name of law
逮捕，拘留
In the campaign to clean up the
city, over 500 arrests were made.
在净化城市的运动中，逮捕了500
多人次。
The forger was under arrest.
那名造假者被拘留了。
10. unlike: prep./adj. not like;
different from
不同，不象
Unlike his brother, John is very
interested in poetry.
和他兄弟不同，约翰对诗歌很感兴趣。
11. moral: adj. concerning
principles of right and wrong
道德的
Moral standards change with
time.
道德标准随时代而变。
n. that which a story, event,
or experience teaches
教训，寓意
The moral of this story is that
one should judge for oneself.
这则故事的寓意是人应该自己做
判断。
You may draw your own
moral from this incident.
你可以从这次事件中汲取自己的教
训。
12. reinforce: strengthen
加强
More troops were
reinforce the fortress.
sent
to
更多的军队被派去加强要塞。
Most modern buildings are made
of reinforced concrete.
大多数现代建筑是由强化混凝土建成的。
13. clue: sth. that helps to find
an answer to a question
线索
The letter gave a clue as to
where the treasure had been
buried.
有关宝藏被埋在何处，这封信提供
了一条线索。
14. overnight:
1) for or during the night
通宵的，晚上的
The bag contains things I will need
when staying overnight at a hotel.
这包里装有在旅馆过夜所需的东西。
This kind of bamboo can grow 20
centimeters taller overnight.
这种竹子能在一夜之间长高20公分。
2) suddenly
突然
Those who grow rich overnight
are eyed with suspicion.
人们用怀疑的目光看那些暴富的人。
Public opinion tends to change
overnight.
公众的观点往往会突然改变。
5. vast:
1) large in quantity
大量的
He inherited a vast sum of
money from his aunt.
他从姑姑那儿继承了一大笔钱。
Look out! A vast swarm of bees
are coming this way.
当心！一大群蜜蜂向这边飞来。
2) extensive
辽阔的，巨大的
The vast ocean stretches for
thousands of miles.
辽阔的海洋延伸数千英里。
16. numerous: many
许多的，众多的
Numerous village and township
enterprises have sprung up since
1978.
自1978年以来涌现出许多乡镇企业。
Numerous stars were born after
the Big Bang.
大爆炸以后产生了众多的恒星。
17. reveal: 1) expose; make known
揭露，揭示
His life was threatened for
revealing the secret.
因揭露这个秘密他的生命受到威胁。
His wife did not reveal to the
patient his condition.
病人的妻子没有向病人泄露他的病情。
2) cause to be seen 显示，展现
Those pictures reveal to us a
wonderful world under water.
那些照片向我们展现了奇妙的海底
世界。
Their faces reveal shock and
disbelief.
他们的脸显现出震惊和不相信。
18. evidence: sign or proof
迹象，证据
The case was dropped for lack
of evidence.
这个案子因缺乏证据而被驳回。
Scientists must have evidence
for their statements.
科学家发表声明必须要有证据。
19. incident: 事件
In her book she told some
interesting incidents on her
visit to Africa.
在她的书中，她讲述了在非洲游览
期间的一些趣事。
Even such an ordinary
incident reveals greatness in
his character.
即使是这样一件普通的事件也展示
了他品格的伟大。
20. link: v. join or connect
连接，联系
The Great Lakes link the USA
and Canada.
大湖将美国同加拿大连接起来。
Scholarships are linked to
academic performance.
奖学金同学习成绩联系在一起。
n. one ring or loop of a chain;
person or thing that connects
two others
链环，连接物，环节
The old calendars are a link
with the past.
旧日历是连接过去的链环。
Researches have established
the link between smoking and
cancer.
研究已经确定了吸烟与肺癌之间的
联系。
21. economy: 1) 经 济
The development of economy
is of great importance to a
country.
经济发展对一个国家来说十分重要。
The Industrial Revolution
wiped out cottage economy in
Britain.
工业革命消除了英国的家庭手工经济。
2) careful use of money, time,
strength, etc.
节约，经济实惠
It is never a shame to practice
economy.
施行节约决不是件羞耻的事。
22. anyway:
1) in any case 无论如何
Anyway I must finish this
work today.
无论如何我今天必须完成这项工作。
2) by any possible means
不论用何种方法
It seemed as if I couldn’t
think of the right word
anyway.
我似乎怎么也想不出恰当的字眼来了。
23. tempt: 1) persuade (sb.) to
do sth. wrong or foolish
诱惑，引诱
The serpent tempted Eve to
eat the forbidden fruit.
那条毒蛇引诱伊夫偷食禁果。
He was tempted into selling
top military secrets to foreign
intelligence agents.
他被诱惑将高级军事机密卖给国外
情报机构。
2) attract 吸引，使感兴趣
The spring sun tempted us to
go for a walk.
春天的阳光吸引我们去散步。
I am very tempted by the idea
of working in another country.
到另一个国家工作的主意深深吸引
着我。
II. Language points:
1. go (be) out of style: become
(be) no longer or cease to be
fashionable
过时，不再流行
Is long hair going out of style
in your country?
长发在你们国家过时了吗？
Dresses may be in style one
year and out of style the next.
女装可能会一年时兴而第二年就过
时了。
2. admit to: (formal) confess to;
not deny
承认
He didn’t admit to theft.
他不承认偷了东西。
Did the young man admit to
taking these commodities
without paying for them?
那个年轻人承认没有付钱就拿了那
些商品了吗？
3. It can be argued (that)…:
Some people may have a good
reason to say that…
It can be argued (that) money
may not bring you happiness.
人们可以争论说金钱不能带给你幸
福。
It can be argued (that)
success in exams may not
mean much.
人们可以争论说考试成功并没有太
大意义。
4. be faced with: be confronted
with; meet face to face
面对；面临
Now we are all faced with a
very difficult situation.
现在我们都面临着非常困难的局面。
Faced with such a rival, he
has little chance of winning.
面对这样一名对手，他几乎没有获
胜的机会。
5. be hard on: be stern or strict
with；be unfair to
对…严格/严厉; 对…不公平
Don’t be too hard on the child.
对这个孩子不要太过严厉。
It’s hard on John, having to
work when the rest of us are
vacationing.
当我们其他人都在度假时约翰却不得
不工作，这对他太不公平。
6. be on the rise: be increasing
在增长，在加剧
The number of students in
our school is on the rise.
我们学校的学生数量在增加。
The sales volume of the new
products has been on the rise.
新产品的销售量一直在增长。
7. a case in point:
a fit/very good example
一个恰当的例子
An average student can be a
top student with additional
work. Cathy is a case in point.
成绩一般的学生可以通过额外的努
力而成为尖子生。凯茜就是个很好
的例子。
Nearly all major cities in the
US are crime-ridden. A case in
point is Chicago.
在美国几乎所有的大城市都充满了犯
罪。芝加哥就是一个恰当的例子。
8. track down:
find after searching
找到，追踪到
He finally tracked down an old
school friend.
他终于找到了一位学生时代的老朋友。
He is determined to track
down the leak of information.
他下决心要查出消息是如何泄露出
去的。
9. to do more than talk:
to do something instead of
just talking
采取行动
10. filed out of their exam: left the
exam hall or room in a single file,
i.e., one by one
鱼贯离开考场
They filed out of the room.
他们从屋里鱼贯而出。
The students filed through the
entrance.
学生们从入口处鱼贯而入。
11. all but: all except 除了…都
but: prep. 除外， 除了
Nobody knew it but me.
除了我以外，没人知道这件事。
It is anything but bad.
这完全不是什么坏事。
12. had a mug shot taken:
“mug” is a slangy word for “face”
You have got an ugly mug.
你长着一张丑陋的脸。
“a mug shot” is a photograph of a
person’s face used on the driver’s
license, university ID card, etc.
13. in the case of: so far as someone
or something is concerned
就…而言/来说，至于
Poverty depressed most people;
but in the case of my father it only
urged him to work harder.
贫穷使大多数人感到沮丧，但对我父
亲来说，它只能激励他更努力地工作。
We can’t make an exception in
the case of Mary.
就玛丽而言我们不能破例。
14. come to a bad end: come to
some misfortune, esp. to an
unpleasant death
没有好下场
If you don’t give up crime,
you’ll come to a bad end.
如果你不停止犯罪，你不会有好下
场的。
You will surely come to a bad
end if you keep driving so
carelessly.
如果你继续这样粗心大意地开车，
你一定不会有好结果的。
15. lie in: exist in; be found in 在于
Do you believe that “happiness
lies in contentment”?
你相信“幸福就在于满足”吗？
The cure for ignorance lies in
education.
治疗无知的方法就在于教育。
16. at their honest best: at their
best as far as honesty is
concerned
at one’s best: in one’s best
condition or state
处于最佳状态
To see this part of the
countryside at its best, you
need to come in June.
要想看到这部分农村的最佳风貌，
你必须六月份来。
He acted in all kinds of plays,
but he was at his best in
comedy.
他在各种各样的剧目中演出，但他
最擅长演喜剧。
17. that: conj. is used here to
introduce an adverbial clause
expressing cause
I am happy that you have
come after all.
我很高兴你还是来了。
I am afraid I have to decline
your invitation. Not that I am
unwilling to come, but that I
have been very busy these
days.
我恐怕不得不谢绝你的邀请。不是
因为我不愿意来，而是因为我一直
都非常忙。
18. tend to: be apt to; have a
tendency to
倾向于，有…倾向
Farmers tend to use more
machinery now.
现在农民们倾向于使用更多的机械。
Children tend to like action
movies.
孩子们往往喜欢动画片。