Transcript Romania
România
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România (today)
Area: 238 391 km 2 ( 3% water) • Population (2011): 19.043.767 inhabitants • Capital: Bucharest (1,7 milion inhabitants) – 10th largest city in the Europe • • Romania’s GDP: 131,7 bilion € (6169€ / per capita) Poland’s GDP: 381,3 bilion € (9900€ / per capita) • Public debt: 35,2% (Poland’s– 55,6%)
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România (today)
Official language: Romanian • Regional languages: Hungarian, Ukrainian, German, Serbian, Russian • Ethnic groups: 88.6% Romanians, 6.5% Hungarians, 3.2% Roma, 1.7% other minorities
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România (today)
2004: Romania became a member of NATO • 2007: Romania became a member of EU • Romania is a member of: Latin Union, Francophonie, OSCE, WTO, BSEC, United Nations
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Geography
35% - mountains (Carpathian Mountains), 35% - hills 30% - plains • Highest point: 2544m (Moldoveanu peak)
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Ethimology
Name of Romania derives from Latin „romanus”, meaning
„citizen of Rome”
• 1521: Wallachia is mentioned as Țeara Rumânească ("The Romanian Land", țeara from the Latin terra, "land"; current spelling: Țara Românească) • 1554: Polish historian Orichovius (Stanisław Orzechowski) written about Romanians „they call themselves as Romini like Romans, but in our language (polish) their name is Walachi, like Italians”
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History
42 000-year-old human remains were discovered in the „Cave With Bones” • Europe’s oldest known remains may have been among the first modern humans to have entered the continent.
• The Neolithic-Age Cucuteni area in northeastern Romania was the western region of the earliest European civilization • The earliest known salt works in the world is at Poiana Slatinei (the first used in the early Neolithic, around 6500 BC)
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History
Our anchestors are Dacians who belong to Getae tribes, a branch of Thracian people • In 107 AD, Roman Empire leaded by its emperor Trajan defetead Dacia and annexed the southeastern part of it to Roman Empire (the part where gold and silver mines were) • In 271 AD, Romans abandoned this territory • Dacia was invaded by various migratory populations like Goths, Huns, Gepids, Avars, Bulgars, Pechenegs, and Cumans
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Formation and independence
Little Union: 24.01.1859 (Wallachia and Moldavia formed Romanian Principalities) • Independence from Ottoman Empire: 9.05.1877, recognized internationaly in 1878 • Great Union: 1.12.1918 (Romanian Principalities unites with Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania and form Kingdom of Romania) around 295.000 km2
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Government
Unitary semi-presidential repulic President: Traian Basescu Prime Minister: Victor Ponta President of the Senate: Crin Antonescu President of the Chamber: Valeriu Zgonea
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Administrative divisions
41 counties and the municipality of Bucharest. • 319 cities -103 of the larger cities have municipality statuses • 2 686 communes
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Environment
3 700 plant species (23 natural monuments, 74 missing, 39 endangered, 171 vulnerable and 1 253 rare) 33 792 species of animals 33 085 invertebrate.
• • 10 000 km 2 (around 5% of Romania) of protected areas covering 13 national parks and three biosphere reserves: the Danube Delta (5,800 km 2 ), Retezat National Park, and Rodna National Park Danube Delta, the second largest and best preserved delta in Europe, and a biodiversity included in World Heritage Site
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Economy (main exports)
raw materials • cars military equipment • software pharmaceuticals • clothing and textiles fine chemicals, • industrial machinery agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers) • electrical and electronic equipment • metallurgic products
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Transport
Roads: 78 000 km Motorways: 527 km Rail road: 10 788 km Airports: 61 airports Metro: 67 km – 49 stops (only in Bucharest) • Ports: - on the Black Sea: 4 ports - on the Danube–Black Sea Canal: 4 ports - on the Danube River: 17 ports
Structure of the education
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Tourism
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, Romania is the fourth fastest growing country in the world in terms of travel and tourism total demand, with a yearly potential growth of 8% from 2007 to 2016
Prahova
Geography
• Area: 4 716 km².
• The relief is split in approximately equal parts between the mountains, the hills and the plain. • Main river: Prahova River.
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Prahova
Population: 735 903 inhabitants Density: 156,4 inhabitants/km². • Capital of the county: Ploieşti (197 542 inhabitants) • It is Romania's most populated county, having a population density double than the country's mean.
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Economy
The area contains the main oil reserves in Romania having a long tradition in extracting and refining the oil. The county is heavily industrialized, more than 115,000 people being involved in an industrial activity. It realizes over 8% of the country's industrial production. • Some of the biggest international corporations like Coca-Cola, Unilever, InBev, Johnson Controls, Cameron, Weatherford, Michelin, Timken and others have invested heavily in the recent years.
Economy
• • • • • • • The predominant industries in the county are: Oil industry - almost 50% of the county's industrial production.
Oil extracting equipment.
Chemical industry.
Rubber industry.
Mechanical components industry.
Food and beverages industry.
Textile industry.
• Agriculture is also developed - in the southern part mainly extensive agriculture and the hills area is well suited for wines and fruit orchards. In total it realises about 3% of the country's agricultural production.
Tourism
The Prahova Valley is one of the areas with the highest tourist potential in the country having one of the best tourism facilities in Romania, like: • On the Prahova Valley (resorts): Sinaia, Buşteni, Azuga, Bucegi Mountains.
• On the Teleajen River Valley: Vălenii de Munte Resort, Cheia, Slănic, Zăganul Mountains, Ciucaş Mountains.
• On the Doftana River Valley: Teleaga, Valea Doftanei, Gârbova Mountains.
• • The city of Ploieşti.
The city of Câmpina.
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Administrative divisions 2 municipalities
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12 towns
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90 communes
Câmpina
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Câmpina
First documentary mention: 1503 in 1593 - is recorded as a customs point on the road to Transylvania. in 1663 - became a fair in 1864 - is raised to the rank of city. in 1890 - in Campina it was raised the first scaffold oil in the country in 1895 - was built the refinery "Factory New ", at that time the largest in Europe. in 1994 - Campina was declared a municipality.
• The history of the city will be strongly connected with oil industry.
• Population: 31770 inhabitants
Education
• • • • • There are 5 high schools in Campina: Nicolae Grigorescu National College Forestier Industrial High School Energetic Industrial High School Constantin Istrati Technical College Machines Construction Industrial High School • • There is also a Police Agents School, Şcoala de Agenţi de Poliţie "Vasile Lascăr", one of the two police agents schools in the country.
2 post high-schools: Louis Pasteur Nursing and Pharma School.
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Tourist attractions
"Nicolae Grigorescu" Memorial Museum Iulia Hasdeu Castle Biserica de la Han (de la brazi) (The Inn Church) Geo Bogza Cultural Center Casa Tineretului (The House of the Youth) The House with Griffons (the actual city-hall), The first school iof the world of masters in oil extraction and first building with electric gates in Romania.
The Hernea Chapel The Saint Nicholas Parish Fântâna cu Cireşi (on the Muscel hill) Muscel, Ciobu and Piţigaia hills Prahova and Doftana riverbanks Near "Paltinu" Dam