Transcript South America

Chapter 12
 Andes Mnts
 Why is it special?
 Altiplano
 Patagonia
 Tierra del Fuego
 Where is it located?
 Lake Titicaca
 Orinoco River
 Guiana Highlands
 Parana River
 Brazilian Highlands
 Rio de la Plata
 Amazon River
 Atacama Desert
 Why is it special?
 Why is it special?
 Lake Maracoibo
Llanos
Gran Chaco
Pampas
El Nino
La Nina
Tepuis (tay-PWEEZ)
Tree Line
Tar Sands
 Fertile Soils 
used to produce
agriculture
 Parana & Amazon
River  used for
irrigation & hydroelectricity
 The amazon has
many tributaries
that flow into it that
are also used for
this.
 Trees  used for
lumber & rubber
 Plants  used for
medicines &
flowers
 Gold & Silver 
Brazil and Colombia
 Copper  Chile
 Iron ore & Bauxite 
Brazil
 Emeralds 
Colombia
 Oil  Venezuela,
Colombia, Peru,
Ecuador, Chile,
Brazil, & Argentina
 Incas
 Considered children of the sun
 Ruled area from Colombia to Southern Chile
 Mache Picchu place to worship the sun & had
running water
 Pizzarro conquered w/ the help of germs &
civil war(1532-1572). Small pox killed many
Incas.
 Pedro de Valdivia helps Pizzarro, then started
his own bloody campaign. Would later be
captured by the Incan chief by drawing his
horses into a marsh. (Ask Coach about the
“Bar B Q” story)
 Focused on Western South America 
because of treaty & gold/silver wealth.
 Took land & forced Indians to work it.
(Similar to Central America and Mexico)
 Exchange of plants & animals between
Europe & America
 Indians died due to disease and over
work
 Would expand to the Pampas & create
latifundias
 Spread the Spanish language and
Roman Catholic religion over most of the
continent.
 Began in 1530’s in what is
now Brazil
 Nobels moved here for land
grants & grew sugar cane
 Indians died, started
shipping Africans
 Expanded inwards with
cattle ranching & led to
mineral discoveries.
1810-1830’s
US being independent & rulers
being focused on Europe
 Small country
between 2 larger
more powerful
country
 Land between
Argentina & Brazil
not controlled.
Allowed Uruguay
to form.
 Brazil  Royal
family flees to Rio in
1808 and then
returns to Europe in
1822,
independence is
declared
 Guyana 
controlled by the
British until 1966
 Suriname 
controlled by the
Dutch until 1975
 Dictatorships  This is where one person is
in complete and total control of a country. In
many cases this person started with military
power and took control of the government.
This is what many countries have or have
had.
 Coups  When a group takes power using
force. Many times this is done with the
power of an army. Many countries have
used these to remove dictators.
 It has been
determined by
which European
country has
colonized the
area.
Spain – spread
over the majority of
the continent
Portugal
Netherlands
France
Most highly populated areas are
around the coast, near ports. The
interior of South America is
sparcly populated.
 Roman Catholic  most everywhere
do to Spanish and Portuguese settlers
 Hinduism  Guianas because of
South Asians and Indonessians
 Muslims  Guianas because of South
Asians and Indonessians
 Traditional Religions  Deep in rain
forest because they are indigenous
 Rainforest  People are still hunters &
gathers
 Farm  Bananas, yams, and manioc
 Hunting  Bow & arrow, darts, and blow
guns are still used
 Gaucho  in Venezuelan Llanos and
Pampas
 Still living like the cowboys of the American
Wild West.
 Market Economy
 All of the countries in this region are
developing or at the top of middle income
countries.
 Poverty runs rampant in this part of the world
and can be seen often, where the rich keep
themselves
 Same system of
land ownership
 Latifundias to
minifundias in S.A.
same thing as
haceindas to ejidos
in Mexico.
 Brazil  World’s largest coffee
producer
 Colombia  2nd largest exporter of
coffee, along with exporting cut flowers
 Chile  Produces fruit & vegetables
during our winters
 Argentina  produces wheat & beef
 From this information we can tell that
agriculture plays a huge part in the
economy of this area.
 Trade organization in southern South
American
 Reduces tariffs among member countries
 Expand trade
 Improve transportation
 Involves Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, &
Uruguay
 Venezuela 
ranchos
 Chile  callumpas
 Brazil  favelas
 Wide range of plants
and animals
 100’s of unique local
eco-systems
 Vital source of
oxygen
 Land being cleared
for farming &
ranching
 Wood for lumber
 Mineral deposits
Bolivia & Peru with
Chile  lost land to
Chile, Bolivia
became land lock
Ecuador with Peru 
dispute borders
Venezuela & Guyana
 dispute borders
 Colombia  groups scare people away
from voting.
 Drug cartels using force to control
members of government, police force,
and ,judges. They also account for a
massive amount of the crime in SA.
 Cartels also control large parts of the
country
 Also having similar problems in Bolivia &
Peru
 Used profits to support
private armies
 Bought off judges and
public officials
 Assassinated many people
who would oppose what
they wanted to do
It is the use of fear and violence as a political
force