Transcript Document

Karl and Lori Thrash
Class Information
Cell Phone - You can leave it on
Why are you taking this class?
Activate EMS
YOU
Come Back
Rescuer Stress
Physically
Mentally
Emotionally
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What you can do to help reduce the effects?
Eat correctly
No alcohol
Exercise
Rest
Talk about it
Don’t judge yourself
Increasing the Odds
2 million deaths related to heart disease
each year
1.2 million Heart Attacks
500,000 die outside of the hospital
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4 to 6 minutes to respond
<10 minutes = certain death
Legal Issues
Consent:
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Expressed
Implied
Minor
Good Samaritan Law
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Respond voluntary without compensation
Provide care without harm (gross negligence)
Do not abandon the patient after beginning
care
Bloodborne Pathogens
Micro-organisms present in the human
blood
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HIV,HPV,HCV
Enter through:
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Nose, eyes, mouth, gentile, sharps, broken
skin, rashes
Take precautions every time
Responding to Emergencies
An emergency is an unexpected
occurrence that requires serious attention.
How do you know there is an emergency?
Call 911 !
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Location, phone number, description of event,
number of victims, condition of victims, what
aid is being given, hang up last.
Take a B R E A T H
Be: prepared (First aid kit, CPR barrier, cell
phone, training)
Relax: Remain calm, consider your safety
Environment: Scene, reduce hazards, use by
standards, traffic, PPE, confined spaces
ABCD'S
Treatment/Triage
Help Call 911, use by-standers, control bleeding
Signs of a Heart Attack
Pressure or crushing pain in chest,
sometimes with sweating, nausea or
vomiting.
Feel pain that extends from chest into the
jaw, left arm or left shoulder.
Feel tightness in chest.
Have shortness of breath for more than a
couple of seconds.
Dizziness, fatigue, denial.
Signs of a Heart Attack
Our Heart
Cardiac Risk Factors
Controllable Factors
Methods of Prevention
Decreased physical activity
Exercise
High Blood Pressure
Exercise, medication, diet
High cholesterol
Exercise, medication, diet
Diabetes
Regulation of blood sugar, Exercise
Obesity
Healthy, varied, low-fat diet
Stress
Exercise, relaxation, rest, reduce stressors
Smoking
Quit
Non Controllable
Age, Family History, Male, Post-menopausal
Heart Attack Treatment
Recognize signs
Place in comfortable position
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Do not lay down unless dizzy or unresponsive
Help take medication
After 5 minutes activate EMS
If becomes unresponsive, start ABCD’S
Stroke
•Is caused by blood not getting to the brain.
•Caused by a bleed or clot.
•Can be fatal or life long debilitating.
•Signs and Symptoms:
decreased mental status
facial droop
sudden weakness or
numbness
loss of balance
difficulty breathing or eating
secretions
sudden headache
loss of vision in one eye
Stroke Risk Factors
Controllable Factors
Methods of Prevention
Decreased physical activity
Exercise
High Blood Pressure
Exercise, medication, diet
High cholesterol
Exercise, medication, diet
Diabetes
Regulation of blood sugar, Exercise
Obesity
Healthy, varied, low-fat diet
Stress
Exercise, relaxation, rest, reduce stressors
Smoking
Quit
Non Controllable
Age, Family History, Female, Race, TIA
Severe Shock
Check for bleeding
Treat for shock
Loosen restrictive clothing
Maintain body temp
Protect airway
Elevate legs 10-12 inches (if no injury)
Hold pressure on wounds
Recovery Position
Use if persons
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Moves after CPR
Vomiting
Unresponsive
Lone rescuer
Has to leave for help
What is CPR?
Rescue breathing and chest compressions
(keeps the brain alive).
How it works: keeps oxygenated blood moving
to the brain. 10 min without CPR certain brain
death.
CPR generally won’t restart heart until use of an
AED.
What to do: Press firm, fast, decrease
interruptions, allow full chest recoil, AED
STOP
Video
Item
Adult
Child
Infant
Age
8+ Years
1-8 Years
0-1 year
2 Breaths
1 second, into mouth
1 second into
mouth and nose
100 / Min
Compression Rate
Compression
Technique
2 Hands
Compression Depth
1.5—2 In.
1-2 Hands
2 Fingers
1/3 to 1/2 depth of chest
Adult CPR
8 years or older
Personal Protection Equipment (gloves), check
responsiveness, activate EMS, AED
A: Kneel at side, maintain airway,
B: Look. Listen. Feel. Give 2 rescue
breaths
C: Chest compressions 1 ½ - 2 inch
100 compressions/min for 5 cycles=2min.
D: Defibrillation as soon as possible
Child CPR
1-8 years old
Personal Protection Equipment (gloves), check
responsiveness, shout for help, AED
A: Kneel at side, maintain airway,
B: Look Listen Feel give 2 rescue breaths start
C: Chest compressions 1/3 1/2 inch
100 compressions/min for 5 cycles=2min.
D: Defibrillation after 5 cycles (call 911)
Infant CPR
Birth to 1 year old
Personal Protection Equipment (gloves), check
responsiveness, shout for help, AED
A: Kneel at side, maintain airway,
B: Look Listen Feel give 2 rescue puffs start
C: Chest compressions 2 fingers 1/3 1/2 inch
100 compressions/min for 5 cycles=2min.
D: Defibrillation after 5 cycles (call 911)
Establish Responsiveness
Gloves on, tap and shout
With bystanders
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Shout for help
Send bystander to
activate EMS
Send bystander to get
AED
ABCD’S
CPR
Alone (Adult)
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Activate EMS
Get and AED
Alone (Child)
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ABCD’s
CPR 2 minutes
Activate EMS
Get AED
CPR Barrier Device
Provide protection between you
and the victim
Has a (one way) valve
Place over victim mouth
Press your mouth over it
Give breaths
CPR - When can we stop?
Movement
Another trained person
AED ready
Exhausted
Scene unsafe
Pronounced by qualified person
CPR Alternatives
Mouth to Stoma
Mouth to nose
Compressions only
Special Considerations
If ABCD not needed
PPE self (gloves)
Control severe bleeding apply direct pressure
Do not remove imbedded objects
Do not try to clear severe wounds
ELECTRIC SHOCK - ensure power is off
Electric wounds can have entrance and exit,
must be seen by a Doctor
HYPTOHERMIA DROWNING start CPR, no
matter how long unresponsive
Adult or Child Choking
Encourage to keep coughing
Stand or kneel behind victim
Fist above navel, forceful inward/upward thrusts
continue until removed or passes out
Pregnant - stand and clasp arms around chest
(same location as CPR)
UNRESPONSIVE assist to ground
Activate EMS – Call 911, Perform CPR.
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Causes of chocking: poorly chewed food, dentures,
laughing, walking and eating, children with small
objects, limit alcohol
Adult or Child Choking
Infant Choking
Signs: Weak cough, high pitch wheezing,
not crying, blue, flushed, tearing,
panicked.
5 back blows with heal of hand – 5 chest
thrusts same as CPR, keep head low.
UNRESPONSIVE: On firm surface
perform CPR
Before each set of breaths check for
obstructions remove if seen.
AED
Early shock can stop Ventricular fibrillation
Each minute without a shock from AED
reduces survival 7-10%
Where to find them?
We have a class for them
Visit Our Website for more information
WWW.RESCUE-BREATH.COM
Visit Our Website for more information
WWW.RESCUE-BREATH.COM
Assessment Principles
4 Phases Intro
Scene survey
Initial patient assessment
Head-to-toe
On going
Assessment Principles 1
Look
Listen
Smell
Mechanism of injury
Gain information
Potential serious injury - Determine nature
of illness
Assessment Principles 2
Ask for medical history
Observe patient
Identify the # of victims
Look for resources
Activate EMS
Treat in position found
Assessment Principles
(Initial Patient Assessment)
Head to Toe Assessment
Hold Neck and Head
Check the Head
Look for Fluid
Shoulders and Arms
Check for deformity
Look for swelling
Ask about pain
Check for circulation
Chest
Check for deformity in
ribs
Look for swelling
Ask about pain
Listen for breath
sounds
Check for open
wounds
Abdomen
Look for swelling
Ask about pain
Feel for hardness
Check for open
wounds
Hips and Legs
Check for deformity
Look for swelling
Ask about pain
Check for circulation
Patient Movement
Only move if the scene is unsafe
2 or more people can lift
1 person must drag
Bleeding
Three types:
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Capillary, Venous, Arterial
Wounds
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Incisions, Lacerations, Abrasions, Avulsions ,
Puncture, Amputation
How to control bleeding
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Elevate, Apply direct pressure, Apply more dressing
as needed (No peekees)
Nose
Dressing
Bandaging
Severe Management
Check for bleeding
Treat for shock
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Loosen restrictive clothing
Maintain body temp
Protect airway
Elevate legs 10-12 inches (if no injury)
Apply and Hold pressure on wounds
Head Injuries
Signs of Head Trauma
Headache, neck pain, Raccoon
eyes, bruising behind ears,
slurred speech, nausea,
difficulty movement, bleeding,
ringing in ears, loss bladder
control, difficulty swallowing
DO NOT move the patient, or
remove penetrating objects,
keep them still and calm.
Neck and Spine Injuries
Dental Emergencies
TOOTH inserted within 30 min can be retained
permanently
Broken or loose tooth - secure in place with a sterile
gauze, bite down, rinse with warm water, apply cold
pack, don’t eat or drink
Toothache - rinse warm water, remove food trapped,
avoid sweets and gum
JAW INJURY - pain to touch, swelling, limited opening of
mouth, double vision, numbness) Treatment - splint jaw,
watch airway, cold pack to jaw)
BITTEN CHEEK/TONGUE/LIP apply direct pressure
Eye Emergency
PENETRATING
DEBRIS
CHEMICAL
ABRASSION
BLOW to EYE
Chest and Abdominal Injuries
RIB FRACTURES
CHEST WOUND
ADBOMINAL WOUNDS
APPENDICITIS
PREGNANCY EMERGENCIES
Muscle, Bone and Joint Injuries
SPLINTING
SPRAINS or STRAINS
CONTUSIONS
RICE
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Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevation
Burns
THERMAL
CHEMICAL
ELECTRICAL
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TREATMENT
scene safety, remove victim
from environment, activate
EMS, ABCD'S
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DO NOT
apply butter/ointments,
remove clothing or jewelry
burned area, apply ice to
burn, break blister
Respiratory Emergencies
CAUSES
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Heart Attack, Asthma, CHF, Allergic reaction,
Choking, COPD
SIGNS
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Breathing rate (fast or slow), Noisy breathing,
tripod positioning, labored (using shoulders
and back muscles), broken speech, color
(ashen, bluish, fingernails), flaring nasal.
TREATMENT ABCD'S - Activate EMS
Asthma
25 million suffer from asthma. Many carry
inhalers, early activation of EMS saves lives
SIGNS - Labored rapid breathing, coughing,
wheezing, chest tightness, anxiety, tripod
position, cyanosis, sweating, history
TREATMENT - ABCD'S, help locate inhaler
If you are a care giver of a child with an inhaler
make sure it is left with you.
Allergic Reactions
50 million suffer from allergies, some symptoms
are quick
SIGNS - rashes, oozing, blisters,
hives, swollen face, sneezing,
coughing, tightness in chest,
stomach pain, anaphylactic shock.
TREATMENT - ABCD'S, activate EMS, help
self administer medication, calm.
EPHINEPHRINE some carry self injector,
sooner it is injected the better
Seizures
Seizures are an abnormal electrical discharge in
the brain. 2.5 million suffer.
TYPES: Focal, Petit mal, Grand mal
TREATMENT - ABCD'S, place patient on floor,
place soft object under head, activate EMS,
loosen tight clothing, ask spectators to leave,
DO NOT perform ABCD'S, put anything in
mouth, restrain, move the victim
TREATMENT after, if possible spinal injury treat
head and neck as unit, recovery position, cool
patient, DO NOT give any food or drink
Fainting
Fainting is a brief loss of consciousness caused
by a momentary lack of blood, can be caused by
dehydration, low blood pressure, if doesn't pass
in 1-2 min activate EMS.
If you feel faint lie down, someone else lay them
down
SIGNS - lightheadedness, nausea, flush,
unconsciousness
TREATMENT - ABCD'S, (watch airway may
vomit), activate EMS, loosen restrictive clothing,
treat injuries
Diabetic Emergencies
SIGNS - altered mental
status, discomfort,
dizziness, headache,
rapid pulse, hunger,
tremors, seizures,
weakness,
unresponsiveness
TREATMENT - ABCD'S,
activate EMS, position for
comfort, give sugar, if
drooling don’t give
anything by mouth.
Poisoning
Four ways to enter body
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Ingestion, Inhalation, Absorption, Injection
TREATMENT - Scene safety, remove victim if
needed, comfort position, identify poison, EMS,
poison control center, protect airway if vomit.
DO NOT give anything by mouth, induce
vomiting unless instructed to do so. no syrup
ipecac or charcoal unless instructed.
Poison Look Alike
Heat Emergencies
Sweating is how we cool ourselves. Humidity reduces
the bodies ability to cool down.
HEAT EXHAUSTION Pale clammy skin, temp of <104,
elevated heart rate, low BP, intense thirst, fatigue,
weakness, faint, headache, cramps, nausea
HEAT STROKE (can lead to brain damage) hot dry skin,
disorientation, irritability, >104, elevated heart rate, low
BP, rapid breathing, seizures, unresponsive.
TREATMENT ABCD'S remove from heat, loosen or
remove clothing, apply cooling measures, provide cool
water or sports drink, DO NOT give alcohol or caffeine
Cold Emergencies
HYPOTHERMIA- Nearly 700 people die each year from
hypothermia. You loose heat 25 times faster in water.
TREATMENT - ABCD's, activate EMS, remove from cold, remove
damp clothing replace with dry, insulate head, use your body to
warm, place victim in warm environment.
FROST BITE - caused by prolong exposure. Children more at risk.
TREATMENT - ABCD's, Activate EMS, remove from cold, remove
damp clothing replace with dry, place frost bitten part next to your
body, avoid partial thawing and re freezing slowly warm effected
area for 25-40 min, cover with dry dressing.
Drowning
Very common in children under 15. Respond
quickly but safely.
Scene safety, remove from water, activate EMS,
If responsive treat for Hypothermia (if needed)
TREATMENT: ABCD'S, activate EMS
Commonly vomit (clear airway continue CPR)
All drowning victims should be seen by a doctor.
Consider possible spinal injury.
Bites
ANAIMAL dogs = 80% of all bites, 4.7 million. Rabies and tetanus
are concern.
DOG BITE PREVENTION stand still, avoided eye contact.
DO NOT run, slowly back away, teach children to not tease animals,
watch for dog with pups. DO NOT approach unknown dogs, disturb
eating or sleeping dog, leave young children with a dog, attempt to
break up a dog fight.
TREATMENT - Scene safety, EMS, ABCD's, wash wound for
several min., control bleeding, apply antibiotic ointment, apply
dressing, report to police or animal control officer SPCA .
HUMAN BITES can be as dangerous as animal bites
due to infection, may be due to young children
playing or fighting, should be seen by a doctor.
Stings
SNAKE BITES - DO NOT apply tourniquet, ice, cut, suck with
mouth, capture snake.
SPIDER BITES only 2 pose danger - black widow & brown recluse
(see picture in book) SIGNS - pain 1 - 8 hours, after 2-3 days
bruising or red ring then white ring, blister may form.
SCORPION STINGS
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TREATMENT follow snake bite exception cold pack, try to kill and bring
with you.
TICKS most harmless look for them bending body parts, top of
head, behind ears.
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REMOVAL remove ASAP, use curved tweezers grasp close to skin,
save for testing,
DO NOT use petroleum jelly, alcohol, hot match, handle tick with bare
hands
INSECT use fingernail or credit card to remove stinger. WATCH for
reactions and treat as allergic reaction.
Bites and Stings
First Aid Kits Contents
Absorbent Gauze
Adhesive Bandages
Bandage Compress
Eye Dressing for both eyes
Scissors and Tweezers
Triangular Bandage
Antiseptic
Kling Bandage
Surgical Dressing
Adhesive Tape
Latex Gloves
CPR Protective Barrier Mask
Safety
Child Passenger Safety
Road Safety
Bicycle and Skateboard Safety
Safety Awareness At Home
Playground Safety
Water Safety
Visit Our Website for more information
WWW.RESCUE-BREATH.COM
This Card is good for 2 years
Tell your friends about Rescue-Breath
Read the book
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Lots of good information
Check out our website for great links
Be safe
Thank you