Transcript Document

CPR
It is important to understand that
while you will learn about CPR and
First Aid in this unit, it DOES NOT
MEAN you are trained in it. That
must come from a qualified
teacher. Please do not use this
unit to justify you being able to
save someone's life
FIRST AID,
EMERGENCY CARE
AND
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
• Assume that all blood, semen, vaginal secretions
and synovial fluids are potentially infectious
• Tears, nasal secretions, saliva, sweat, urine, feces
& vomit not infectious unless contain visible
blood
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• Barriers:
• Gloves, mask, eye protection
•
•
•
•
Sterile techniques
Hand washing
Disposal of needles
Biohazard disposal of waste
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• Hepatitis B (Hep-B)
• Very strong virus, highly contagious
• Vaccinations available
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Not as strong of a virus
• Magic Johnson, Greg Luganis
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
• Spine Board
• Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)
• Stretcher
• Splints
• First Aid Supplies
EQUIPMENT
• First Responder
• What is their duty?
• Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
• Most commonly assoc. with ambulance calls
• Often first to arrive at the scene
• Limitations?
• Paramedic (EMT-P)
• Most advanced training in ALS care
• Emergency Room Physician
• Medical director of the EMS team
ROLES OF THE EMS
TEAM PERSONNEL
• First check the scenewhat does this mean?
• Check for
responsiveness- “Tap
shoulder, lightly shake
person”
• Call 911
• Move person so that
they are laying on
back on a flat surfacewhen would you not
do this??? Why???
• Open Airway
Checking an
unresponsive person
• A: Airway
• Head Tilt or Jaw Thrust
• B: Breathing
• Look, Listen and Feel
• C: Circulation
• Adult – Carotid Artery
• Child – Brachial Artery
• Check for bleeding
• Determine level of consciousness
Open the Airway
• Airway Management
• Pocket mask
• Bag-valve mask
• Supplemental oxygen
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
• American Red Cross & American Heart
Association
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CPR
• After determining CPR is needed these are the steps to
follow:
• Giving 30 chest compressions
• Hands need to be clasped together, arms straight, amount of
force needs to make chest raise and fall
• 2 inches deep, about 100 compressions for 1 min
• 2 breathes
• Tilt head back, pinch nostrils together
• Make sure chest raises and falls with breathes
• Do not stop
• Until more qualified care arrives
• Someone takes over
• You are too tired to continue
The Steps in CPR for
ADULTS
• After determining CPR is needed these are the steps to
follow:
• 2 breathes-Notice this is first
• Tilt head back, pinch nostrils together, for infant cover nose with
mouth
• Make sure chest raises and falls with breathes
• Giving 30 chest compressions
• Hands need to be clasped together, arms straight, amount of
force needs to make chest raise and fall
• ½-1 inches deep, about 100 compressions for 1 min
• For infants only use 2-3 fingers
• Do not stop
• Until more qualified care arrives
• Someone takes over
• You are too tired to continue
The Steps in CPR for
Children/Infants
Two slow, full breaths
•
•
•
•
If chest doesn’t rise, retilt head
1 breath every 5 seconds
After 1 minute, reassess pulse
Breathing devices
• Pocket masks
More Detail about RESCUE
BREATHING
• Know they are breathing and have a pulse
• They may still not be able to talk
• May seem “asleep”
• Can tell you what happened or show you
• Secondary Survey
• Attempt to find & control other problems or injuries
• Make sure to monitor person incase they become
unresponsive
Checking a Responsive person
AED
• What is an AED?
• What type of people
does it work on?
• What type of people
does it not work on?
• When do you use it?
AED Information
• Turn on the AED
• Remove any barriers (clothing, jewelry, chest hair if needed,
undergarments)
• Wipe chest dry
• Place pads on person
• Pads have both pictures and words instructing you where to place
• Plug in connector and stand back
• Machine will do all the work for you
• Make sure no one is touching person or AED when it is
scanning
• If needed AED will shock person
The Steps to working an
AED
Choking Emergencies
1. Check the scene for safety
2. Ask the person for consent to help
3. Give 5 back blows, using the palm of your hand hitting
between the shoulder blades
4. Give 5 abdominal thrusts- clasping your hands around
their waist, making sure thumbs are turned upward
5. Continue until help arrives or person becomes
unconscious
When do you call 911????
CONSCIOUS CHOKING for
Adults/Children
CANNOT COUGH, SPEAK OR BREATHE
• GIVE 5 BACK BLOWS
• Give firm back blows with the heel of one hand between the
infant’s shoulder blades.
• GIVE 5 CHEST THRUSTS
• Place two or three fingers in the center of the infant’s chest just
below the nipple line and compress the breastbone about 1½
inches.
• Continue sets of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until the:
• ■■ Object is forced out.
• ■■ Infant can cough forcefully, cry or breathe.
• ■■ Infant becomes unconscious.
CONSCIOUS CHOKING for
Infants
CANNOT COUGH, SPEAK OR
BREATHE
• Check scene for safety, check the person for
responsiveness
• Call 911
• Give 2 rescue breaths
• Give 30 chest compressions
• Check and sweep inside of mouth for foreign object
• Continue until help arrives or person begins to breathe on
their own
UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
CHEST DOES NOT RISE WITH RESCUE
BREATHS
Sudden Illness
Sudden Illness
Sudden Illness can occur in any individual
 At times difficult to determine exact illness
being experienced by the victim
 However, by knowing signs and symptoms
of major disorders you may be able to
provide appropriate first aid
 Obtain information from victim and look
for identifying factors such as medical
alert bracelets or necklaces or medical
information cards
• Diabetes is a condition that occurs when the body can't
use glucose (a type of sugar) normally.
• Glucose is the main source of energy for the body's cells.
• The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a
hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas.
• Insulin helps glucose enter the cells.
• Type 1 Diabetes the pancreas does not make enough
insulin
• Type 2 Diabetes body can't respond normally to the
insulin that is made.
Diabetes
• Warning Signs
•
•
•
•
•
Increase frequency of urination
Excessive thirst or hunger
Confused or intoxicated appearance
Irritability or aggressive behavior
Weakness and fatigue, faintness, seizure or coma
DIABETIC EMERGENCY
• Plan of Action
• Stay with the person
• Give a high-sugar food or drink
• If does not respond within 5 minutes, medical emergency
DIABETIC EMERGENCY
Asthma
Chronic, inflammatory lung
disease
Air passages narrow
Difficulty exhaling
Tends to resolve with age
What Triggers Asthma Attacks?
Respiratory tract infection
Extreme temperatures, especially cold
Strong odors, perfumes, dust, fumes,
smoke, allergens, air pollution
Certain drugs (aspirin, beta blockers)
Exercise
Emotional stress
Signs of Asthma Attack
Coughing
Wheezing or whistling sound
Flared nostrils
Cyanosis (blue)
Difficulty speaking
Blue lips / fingertips
Asthma: What To Do
Sit in upright position, leaning slightly
forward
Pursed lip breathing
Inhaler or other medications
Monitor ABC’s if necessary
Asthma: What To Do
Determine cause of attack - remove
victim from causative environment
Abrupt change in outdoor temperature,
dust, feathers, animals, tobacco smoke,
paint, etc.
Keep conversations brief
Seek medical attention if necessary
• Itchy, water eyes and runny noses
may not kill you, but in their most
severe form, allergies can actually
be fatal. Unfortunately, there is no
way to tell how severe your
response to an allergen may be
until it occurs.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Signs and Symptoms
Difficulty breathing or swallowing
Dizziness or fainting
Flushed skin
Hives
Intense itching
Nausea or vomiting
Swollen tongue
Wheezing
Allergic Reaction
1. Treat Symptoms
For mild allergy symptoms,
over-the-counter (OTC)
antihistamine.
For stuffy nose, give an OTC
decongestant.
For itchy, watery eyes, use
OTC allergy eye drops.
For itchy allergic rash, apply
cold compresses and an OTC
hydrocortisone cream.
• Call 911 now if the person
has had severe reactions in
the past or has any of
these symptoms:
• Difficulty breathing
• Tightness in the throat
• Other symptoms of a severe
allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis)
Allergic Reaction
• What is it? What happens in the brain
• Ensure surroundings are safe
• After seizure, transport to medical facility
EPILEPSY
Fact
• Move items around the
person away from them
• Never touch someone
who is seizing
• Many different items can
set off an attack
EPILEPSY
HOMEWORK: DUE 11/15
• PICK ANY TYPE OF SUDDEN ILLNESS AND WRITE A 5
PARAGRAPGH ESSAY ON IT.
• Research, write intro paragraph, three paragraphs that holds majority of
information, and one closing paragraph.
• Typed. Size 12 font, double spaced. Due Friday 11/15
Heart Attack
CVA
Fainting
Convulsion
Diabetes
Asthma Attack
Seizures`
COPD
Hyperventilation
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Abdominal Distress
Angina
Ricin
Small Pox
Sickle Cell Crisis
First Aid 101
5 Methods to Control Bleeding
1. Call 911- when it is needed
2. Direct Pressure
3. Pressure over Major Artery
4. Splinting
5. Tourniquet (EMS Only)
UNCONTROLLED BLEEDING
• Obvious deformity or suspected fracture
• Splint in position found
• Check distal pulse
• Immobilize joint above and below
• Recheck distal pulse
Steps to SPLINTING
•
•
•
•
Call 911
Check the scene for safety
Remove source of burn
If possible cool the burn with cool water- when would
this not be appropriate to do?
• Cover burn with loose dressing
• Care for Shock
Steps to Helping Burns
• Use F.A.S.T
• Face— Ask the person to smile.
• Does one side of face droop?
• Arm— Ask the person to raise both arms.
• Does one arm drift downward?
• Speech— Ask the person to repeat a simple
• sentence (such as, “The sky is blue.”). Is the speech
slurred? Can the person repeat the sentence correctly?
• Time— CALL 9-1-1 immediately if you see any signals
of a stroke. Try to determine the time when signals first
appeared. Note the time of onset of signals and report it
to the call taker or EMS personnel when they arrive
Treating a Stroke