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CPR
WHAT IS CPR?
Cardiopulmonary
Resucitation
WHEN IS CPR USED?
When the Heart stops beating regularly
What things may cause the heart to stop
beating?
Overdose (alcohol, or drugs)
Drowning
Heart attack
Stroke
Severe loss of blood (injury)
Shock (after a traumatic event)
WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK?
A myocardial infarction or heart attack is
caused when the heart muscle tissue does not
get enough oxygen in order to maintain muscle
contraction (i.e. beating).
This is most often caused by a blood clot which
forms when blood flow through one or more of
the coronary arteries is restricted.
Build up of Cholesterol is often the cause
HEART ATTACK
HEART ATTACK VS. CARDIAC ARREST
Heart Attack is simply
lack of blood f low to the
myocardial tissue
The Heart is still beating
but not for long.
Symptoms of a heart
attack begin
Cardiac Arrest is when
the heart stops its
regular beating pattern
and begins to fibrilate.
Shake like a bowl full of
jelly. Each contraction is
no longer strong enough
to pump blood through
the system
Heart requires
defibrillation!
Chain of Survival
This includes all of the things that you can do in
order to increase your chances of survival when
it comes to Heart Health
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
Healthy Choices
Early Recognition
Early Access
Early CPR
Early Defibrillation
Early Advanced Care
Early Rehabilitation
RISK FACTORS FOR HEART ATTACKS
Cigarettes
Cholesterol
Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Obesity
No exercise
Stress
FIVE SIGNALS/SIGNS OF A HEART ATTACK
Pain – in the chest and or down the left arm
Pale – clammy skin
Puking – or Nausea
Puffing – difficulty or shallow breathing
Pooped - fatigue
WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU ARRIVE ON SCENE
Check for Hazards.
Approach the victim and check responsiveness.
Call 911 if necessary. This is automatic if the
person is unconscious/unresponsive.
WHAT TO DO IF THE PERSON IS RESPONSIVE
P - Position the person in the recovery position
or a comfortable position of their choice.
L - Loosen any tight or restrictive clothing to
allow easier respiration.
T – talk to the person and find out as much
information about them and the situation as
possible. (in case their condition gets worse).
WHAT YOU DO AS YOU WAIT FOR 911
A – Allergies
P – Past History
R – Rx
treatments/medications
I – Incident, what
happened?
L – Last meal?
L – Lights
O – Obstacles
V – Vehicles (remove)
E – Entrances, exits, etc.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Need to be aware of AIDS, Hep B (transmitted
through bodily fluids).
Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Flu (transmitted
through the air).
Protective equipment (gloves, face barriers,
cleansing)
Rescuer is the number one priority…we do not
want two lives at stake!
LEGAL ISSUES
Bill 20 (Good Samaritan Act) states that you are
protected as long as you do what a reasonable
person would do.
Good intentions are most important
Once you start you don’t stop (unless fatigued
or unsafe to continue).
First aider requires consent from a conscious
victim.
LIFE THREATENING PRIORITIES
Airway – need an open airway in order to allow air
to enter the lungs. The tongue is a common
obstruction of the airway so we use a head tilt chin
lift to open the airway on an unconscious victim.
Breathing – If the victim is not breathing then the
heart and other tissues will soon stop working so
we need to provide oxygen to some degree. Air
21% oxygen, we normally only use 5% so that
means we will have 16% oxygen in expired air.
LIFE THREATENING PRIORITIES CONT…
Circulation (CPR) - Permanent Brain damage
can occur in 4-5 min without oxygen. We need
to keep the blood circulating manually using
CPR. Focus is on pumping hard and fast to
circulate the victim’s blood which still has some
oxygen.
Once ABC’s are done, perform secondary check
(bones, cuts etc.)
SHOCK
Reaction to Trauma or injury characterized by
decreased oxygen to the system.
Signs and symptoms: Pale cool clammy skin,
Nausea, vomitting, confusion, blue lips,
shivering, weak but rapid pulse, sweating or
thirst.
TREATMENT FOR SHOCK
9-1-1 if severe
Rest and reassure
Warm
Elevate the legs
Monitor their ABC’s
HOW TO PERFORM CPR
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN: ADULT, CHILD, INFANT
CPR
Adult
Child
Infant
AGE
8+
1-8
0--1
Number of
breaths
2 slow breaths
on the mouth
2 slow breaths
on the mouth
2 shallow puffs
over mouth and
nose
Compression
ratio
30:2
30:2
30:2
Hand position
Two hands over
the centre of
the chest
One hand over
the centre of
the chest
Two fingers over
the centre of
the chest