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CPR
WHAT IS CPR?

Cardiopulmonary
Resucitation
WHEN IS CPR USED?

When the Heart stops beating regularly
What things may cause the heart to stop
beating?
Overdose (alcohol, or drugs)
 Drowning
 Heart attack
 Stroke
 Severe loss of blood (injury)
 Shock (after a traumatic event)

WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK?
A myocardial infarction or heart attack is
caused when the heart muscle tissue does not
get enough oxygen in order to maintain muscle
contraction (i.e. beating).
 This is most often caused by a blood clot which
forms when blood flow through one or more of
the coronary arteries is restricted.
 Build up of Cholesterol is often the cause

HEART ATTACK
HEART ATTACK VS. CARDIAC ARREST



Heart Attack is simply
lack of blood f low to the
myocardial tissue
The Heart is still beating
but not for long.
Symptoms of a heart
attack begin



Cardiac Arrest is when
the heart stops its
regular beating pattern
and begins to fibrilate.
Shake like a bowl full of
jelly. Each contraction is
no longer strong enough
to pump blood through
the system
Heart requires
defibrillation!
Chain of Survival

This includes all of the things that you can do in
order to increase your chances of survival when
it comes to Heart Health
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
Healthy Choices
 Early Recognition
 Early Access
 Early CPR
 Early Defibrillation
 Early Advanced Care
 Early Rehabilitation

RISK FACTORS FOR HEART ATTACKS
Cigarettes
 Cholesterol
 Blood Pressure
 Diabetes
 Obesity
 No exercise
 Stress

FIVE SIGNALS/SIGNS OF A HEART ATTACK
Pain – in the chest and or down the left arm
 Pale – clammy skin
 Puking – or Nausea
 Puffing – difficulty or shallow breathing
 Pooped - fatigue

WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU ARRIVE ON SCENE
Check for Hazards.
 Approach the victim and check responsiveness.
 Call 911 if necessary. This is automatic if the
person is unconscious/unresponsive.

WHAT TO DO IF THE PERSON IS RESPONSIVE
P - Position the person in the recovery position
or a comfortable position of their choice.
 L - Loosen any tight or restrictive clothing to
allow easier respiration.
 T – talk to the person and find out as much
information about them and the situation as
possible. (in case their condition gets worse).

WHAT YOU DO AS YOU WAIT FOR 911


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A – Allergies
P – Past History
R – Rx
treatments/medications
I – Incident, what
happened?
L – Last meal?

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

L – Lights
O – Obstacles
V – Vehicles (remove)
E – Entrances, exits, etc.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Need to be aware of AIDS, Hep B (transmitted
through bodily fluids).
 Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Flu (transmitted
through the air).
 Protective equipment (gloves, face barriers,
cleansing)
 Rescuer is the number one priority…we do not
want two lives at stake!

LEGAL ISSUES
Bill 20 (Good Samaritan Act) states that you are
protected as long as you do what a reasonable
person would do.
 Good intentions are most important
 Once you start you don’t stop (unless fatigued
or unsafe to continue).
 First aider requires consent from a conscious
victim.

LIFE THREATENING PRIORITIES
Airway – need an open airway in order to allow air
to enter the lungs. The tongue is a common
obstruction of the airway so we use a head tilt chin
lift to open the airway on an unconscious victim.
 Breathing – If the victim is not breathing then the
heart and other tissues will soon stop working so
we need to provide oxygen to some degree. Air
21% oxygen, we normally only use 5% so that
means we will have 16% oxygen in expired air.

LIFE THREATENING PRIORITIES CONT…

Circulation (CPR) - Permanent Brain damage
can occur in 4-5 min without oxygen. We need
to keep the blood circulating manually using
CPR. Focus is on pumping hard and fast to
circulate the victim’s blood which still has some
oxygen.

Once ABC’s are done, perform secondary check
(bones, cuts etc.)
SHOCK
Reaction to Trauma or injury characterized by
decreased oxygen to the system.
 Signs and symptoms: Pale cool clammy skin,
Nausea, vomitting, confusion, blue lips,
shivering, weak but rapid pulse, sweating or
thirst.

TREATMENT FOR SHOCK
9-1-1 if severe
 Rest and reassure
 Warm
 Elevate the legs
 Monitor their ABC’s

HOW TO PERFORM CPR
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN: ADULT, CHILD, INFANT
CPR
Adult
Child
Infant
AGE
8+
1-8
0--1
Number of
breaths
2 slow breaths
on the mouth
2 slow breaths
on the mouth
2 shallow puffs
over mouth and
nose
Compression
ratio
30:2
30:2
30:2
Hand position
Two hands over
the centre of
the chest
One hand over
the centre of
the chest
Two fingers over
the centre of
the chest