Transcript Document

What to do when
Checking the Victim
• Safety: state of being "safe", the condition of
•
•
•
•
being protected against physical, social, spiritual,
financial, political, emotional, occupational,
psychological, educational or other types or
consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents,
harm, or any other event which could be considered
non-desirable.
Why be aware of safety FIRST?
When is the best time to use safety?
How do you know YOU are safe?
Why do accidents still happen?
• In New York State ALL riders 14 and
under are required to wear a Bike
Helmet.
• The number of bicycle related head
injuries declined over 50% since the
helmet law.
• In 2005, there were 683 deaths due to
bicycle related injuries. No helmets were
worn by these people
• Why don’t kids wear bike helmets?
• What can be done to make kids wear
helmets more often?
FIRST AID
• The immediate care given to a
victim of injury or sudden illness
before professional medical help
arrives.
• Could be the difference between life
and death.
What Could Happen?
• At The Beach?
• In School?
• On the Field?
• In the Snow?
• In Your Car?
• In Your House?
Life Threatening Situations
• Choking
• Bleeding/Shock
• Poisoning
• Respiratory illness (Problems with breathing)
• Burns/Electrocutions
• Heat/Cold Illnesses
• Heart attacks
• Strokes
• Drowning
• Diabetic Shock
• Head Trauma
What to do FIRST?
• Check. Call. Care.
• Assess the situation, FIRST or Check the Scene and
Victim
• Never put your own safety at risk!
• Determine consciousness through tapping the victim
on the shoulder and asking, “Are you O.K.?”
• No response? Call the local emergency number
immediately.
• Then Care for the victim.
Checking
the Victim
• A. B. C. (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
a.k.a. Look Listen and Feel
• Interview the victim (if conscious)
• Examine the individual from head to toe.
• Do NOT stop after finding one injury, continue checking the victim.
• Good Samaritan Law protects us when helping someone in an
emergency.
WOUNDS
• Bruise: “Black and Blue” Not open skin.
• Abrasion: A cut in the skin; not severe and
controlled easily.
• Laceration: A jagged or smooth cut; May require
stitches.
• Avulsion: Skin is removed from bone, severe cut.
• Embedded Object: Object is embedded into the
skin, may have harmed vital organs or vessels,
needs bleeding control.
• Puncture: Object is piercing into skin, little to no
bleeding.
• Wear Gloves or have a protective barrier
between you and the blood.
• Apply direct pressure to the wound with a
sterile gauze pad.
• Continually wrap the wound with bandage
until no more blood seeps through the bandage.
• Be sure to call emergency services if bleeding
persists.
BURNS
• 1st Degree Burns: Surface of the skin is reddened and
painful. (SUNBURN)
• 2nd Degree Burns: Extend through outer layer of the skin,
causing blisters and reddening.
• 3rd Degree Burns: Damages all layers of the skin; grayish
or charred appearance.
• First Aid for First Degree Burns : Cream (like aloe) or
ointment can be used.
• First Aid for Second and Third Degree Burns:
• Stop the burning
• Cool the burn with lots of cool water (about 10-15
minutes)
• Place a clean, dry dressing over the burned area. Do not
clean the burn or break the blisters.
• Do not put ointment on the burn.
• Monitor victim until help arrives.
TOP SPORTS: INJURIES
TOP 15 SPORTS for
INJURIES
TOP 10 Sports Injuries
1 Muscle Pull
2 Neck Pain
3 Shoulder Impingement
4 Lower Back Strain
5 Tennis Elbow
6 Runner's Knee
7 Shin Splints
8 Ankle Sprain
9 Achilles Tendinitis
10 Arch Pain
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Basketball: 512,213
Bicycling: 485,669
Football: 418,260
Soccer: 174,686
Baseball: 155,898
Skateboards: 112,544
Trampolines: 108,029
Softball: 106,884
Swimming/Diving: 82,354
Horseback riding: 73,576
Weightlifting: 65,716
Volleyball: 52,091
Golf: 47,360
Roller skating: 35,003
Wrestling: 33,734
Bone Injuries
• Fracture: A break or crack in a bone.
• A closed (hairline) fracture: The broken bone does
not push through the surface of the skin.
• Open Fracture (compound): When a broken bone
pierces the skin. This may bleed heavily and
become infected.
• X-RAYS: are the only sure way to diagnose a
fracture.
First Aid for Fractures
• Compound (open) Fractures: Stop the
bleeding. DO NOT put pressure or attempt to
push the bone back through the skin.
• DO NOT MOVE the victim.
• SPLINT to help immobilize the broken bone
to prevent further injury.
• A splint can be rigid, soft, or anatomical.
• RIGID: Wood, book.
• SOFT: Towel.
• ANATOMICAL: Another body part.
Sprains and Strains
• Which one is worse?
• They can be equally bad!
• Sprains occur when a ligament or tendon
near a joint is torn or overstretched.
• Ligaments are bands of tissue that prevent
the bones from popping apart at the joint.
• Tendons are thick strands of tissue that
connect muscles to bones.
• Strains occur when you overstretch or tear
a muscle or tendon.
• Back strains are common when lifting or
lifting incorrectly.
First Aid for Strains
and Sprains
• Use the R.I.C.E. method.
• Both strains and sprains
should be:
• Rested
• Iced
• Compressed
• Elevated
• A doctor may eventually recommend
moist heat.
First Aid for the Conscious
Choking Victim
• First, ask if they’re O.K.
• If victim CAN talk or cough, encourage them to
cough the object up.
• If the victim CANNOT breathe, talk or is turning
blue, Have them Bend at the waist and give 5 Back
blows in between their shoulder blades.
• use abdominal thrusts (Heimlich Maneuver).
• Wait for object to be coughed up.
PREVENT CHOKING!
• Do Not talk or laugh while eating or drinking.
• Avoid drinking alcohol while eating.
• Take your time eating.
• Chew food completely before swallowing.
CPR and Rescue Breathing
• Rescue Breathing: Also known as artificial
respiration and mouth-to-mouth.
• Rescue breathing is used when a victim is NOT
breathing but HAS a pulse.
• CPR: Stands for Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation.
• CPR is used when a victim is NOT breathing and
DOES NOT have a pulse.
Procedure for Rescue Breathing
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tap on the shoulder and ask, “Are you OK?”
Position the victim on his/her back
Look listen and feel for breathing and pulse.
Open the airway using the head-tilt-chin lift.
Say, “The victim is not breathing, call (9-1-1)
Make sure nose is pinched shut and give 2 full
breaths (look for chest to rise)
Re-check for breathing and pulse.
IF they have a pulse and they’re NOT
breathing, begin artificial respiration.
Do head-tilt-chin lift and give ONE breath
every FIVE (5) seconds.
Continue for about 1 minute.
Re-check pulse and breathing.
Procedure for CPR
Remember C-A-B
C-A-B stands for Compressions, Airway, Breathing
• Tap the person on the shoulder and ask if they’re O.K.
• LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL.
• Call 911->Say they’re not breathing and DO NOT have a
pulse, BEGIN CPR.
• Begin chest compressions.
• GIVE 30 chest compressions (quick) and then 2 full
breaths.
• After about 1 minute you will have done 160-200
compressions or 3 cycles of compressions and breaths.
• Re-check victim’s ABC’s.
• If there is still no pulse or breathing, continue giving
CPR.
What is an AED?
• AED stands for Automated External
Defibrillator.
• This is used in addition to CPR to shock the
heart to restart it’s rhythm and monitor
heart rate.
• A patient receiving the AED must be dry,
bare chest, and be shaved.
• All public school sporting events must
have an AED on the premises in
accordance with NYS law.
• First aid is an important SKILL for anybody to
know.
• First aid certification is required for coaches,
lifeguards, nurses, and rescue workers.
• You need to be re-certified every 3 years.
• CPR certification is good for ONE year.
• American Red Cross holds classes every month.
• Jr. Lifeguards, camp counselors, coaches, Jr.
firefighters, babysitters etc. are some jobs teens
have that first aid and CPR are good for and
are sometimes required.
• Remember, First aid is a skill that can actually
mean saving someone’s life!