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Intro to First Aid and CPR
Providing First Aid
 Immediate care given to the victim of an accident or
illness to minimize the effect of injury or illness until
experts can take over
First Steps
 Recognize that an emergency exists
 Use all senses to detect problems
 Sometimes signs of emergency are obvious and at
other times they are less obvious
Next Steps
 Check the scene and make sure it is safe




to approach
What to observe
If not safe, call for medical help
If safe, approach the victim
Call emergency medical services (EMS)
as soon as possible
Next Steps (continue)
 If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before
providing any care
 Check for other injuries
 Obtain as much information as possible before you
proceed
What is CPR
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):
 Cardio:
the heart
 Pulmonary: the lungs
 Resuscitation: to remove from apparent
death or unconsciousness
 When performing CPR, you breathe for the
patient and circulate blood
Why CPR
 Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing
to the brain and other vital body organs
 Performed until the heart and lungs start working
again or until medical help is available
ABCDs of CPR
 ABCDs of CPR
 A stands for airway
 B stands for breathing
 C stands for circulation
 D stands for defibrillation- bringing heart pulse back to normal
What are the basic techniques for administering
CPR?

It is a first-aid technique to keep victims alive and prevent
brain damage while medical help is on the way.
 A. Cardiac arrest is the lack of an effective heartbeat
that quickly causes body-wide circulatory failure.

Cardiac arrest is an extreme medical emergency.
 B. Respiratory arrest is closely associated with
cardiac arrest and occurs when breathing slows or
stops from any cause; also called apnea.
Performing CPR
 Evaluate victim’s condition before
starting CPR:
 Step 1: Call 911
 Step 2: Check if patient is conscious (by shaking or
talking)
 Step 3: Tilt the head, lift the chin, and check breathing.


Check the airway by tilting the head back and lifting the chin.
Step 4: If not breathing give two breaths
Head tilt/Chin lift
a.
Head tilt: Place one hand over the forehead
and apply firm, backward pressure to tilt the
head back.
b. Chin lift: Place the fingers of the other hand
under the bony part of the lower jaw near the
chin to bring the chin forward.
Performing CPR
 Step
5: Position hands in the center of the
chest.
 Step 6: Firmly push down 2 inches on the
chest 30 times. Continue with 2 breaths and
30 pumps until medical help arrives.
Types of CPR
 CPR for infants, children, and adults
 1. Adult and child CPR is 30:2 compressions to ventilations.
 2. Infant CPR remains 30:2 compressions to
ventilations when there is only one rescuer.
 The depth of compressions is different for
infants, children, and adults.


1. Adult or child: Compress the chest 2 inches.
2. Infant: Compress the chest one-third to one-half of its depth.
 Ventilations during CPR
 1. Adult or child: Ventilations must make the chest rise and fall
visibly.
 2. Infant: An infant’s lungs need only a puff of air, not a full breath.
Summary of Performing CPR
 Look for chest movement
 Listen for breathing
 Feel for movement of air from the nose
or mouth
 If not breathing, give two breaths
 Make sure breaths are effective
 Then check the carotid pulse
What are the steps in administering CPR? What
are the steps in removing an FBAO to prevent
choking?
 C. An automated external
defibrillator (AED) is a small
machine that attaches to a victim’s
chest, analyzes the victim, and
delivers electric shocks externally to
stop the arrhythmia and reestablish
an effective heart rhythm.