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Intro to First Aid and CPR
Providing First Aid
Immediate care given to the victim of an accident or
illness to minimize the effect of injury or illness until
experts can take over
First Steps
Recognize that an emergency exists
Use all senses to detect problems
Sometimes signs of emergency are obvious and at
other times they are less obvious
Next Steps
Check the scene and make sure it is safe
to approach
What to observe
If not safe, call for medical help
If safe, approach the victim
Call emergency medical services (EMS)
as soon as possible
Next Steps (continue)
If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before
providing any care
Check for other injuries
Obtain as much information as possible before you
proceed
What is CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):
Cardio:
the heart
Pulmonary: the lungs
Resuscitation: to remove from apparent
death or unconsciousness
When performing CPR, you breathe for the
patient and circulate blood
Why CPR
Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing
to the brain and other vital body organs
Performed until the heart and lungs start working
again or until medical help is available
ABCDs of CPR
ABCDs of CPR
A stands for airway
B stands for breathing
C stands for circulation
D stands for defibrillation- bringing heart pulse back to normal
What are the basic techniques for administering
CPR?
It is a first-aid technique to keep victims alive and prevent
brain damage while medical help is on the way.
A. Cardiac arrest is the lack of an effective heartbeat
that quickly causes body-wide circulatory failure.
Cardiac arrest is an extreme medical emergency.
B. Respiratory arrest is closely associated with
cardiac arrest and occurs when breathing slows or
stops from any cause; also called apnea.
Performing CPR
Evaluate victim’s condition before
starting CPR:
Step 1: Call 911
Step 2: Check if patient is conscious (by shaking or
talking)
Step 3: Tilt the head, lift the chin, and check breathing.
Check the airway by tilting the head back and lifting the chin.
Step 4: If not breathing give two breaths
Head tilt/Chin lift
a.
Head tilt: Place one hand over the forehead
and apply firm, backward pressure to tilt the
head back.
b. Chin lift: Place the fingers of the other hand
under the bony part of the lower jaw near the
chin to bring the chin forward.
Performing CPR
Step
5: Position hands in the center of the
chest.
Step 6: Firmly push down 2 inches on the
chest 30 times. Continue with 2 breaths and
30 pumps until medical help arrives.
Types of CPR
CPR for infants, children, and adults
1. Adult and child CPR is 30:2 compressions to ventilations.
2. Infant CPR remains 30:2 compressions to
ventilations when there is only one rescuer.
The depth of compressions is different for
infants, children, and adults.
1. Adult or child: Compress the chest 2 inches.
2. Infant: Compress the chest one-third to one-half of its depth.
Ventilations during CPR
1. Adult or child: Ventilations must make the chest rise and fall
visibly.
2. Infant: An infant’s lungs need only a puff of air, not a full breath.
Summary of Performing CPR
Look for chest movement
Listen for breathing
Feel for movement of air from the nose
or mouth
If not breathing, give two breaths
Make sure breaths are effective
Then check the carotid pulse
What are the steps in administering CPR? What
are the steps in removing an FBAO to prevent
choking?
C. An automated external
defibrillator (AED) is a small
machine that attaches to a victim’s
chest, analyzes the victim, and
delivers electric shocks externally to
stop the arrhythmia and reestablish
an effective heart rhythm.