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Structural Steel Maintenance and
Rehabilitation Methods of Current
Canadian Infrastructure
by S.F. Stiemer
Department of Civil Engineering
University of British Columbia
CANADA
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Canada
Facts:
- became a country on July 1st, 1867
- second-largest country in the world - stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
- largest cities: Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver
- resources: forests, plants, animals and fish, minerals, metal, natural gas, and oil
- hockey is the national sport of Canada
- population 32 million
- two official languages
- average population density 3 persons/km2 (Japan 343)
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Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador
Northwest Territories
Nova Scotia
Nunavut
Ontario
Provinces
of Canada
Prince Edward Island
Québec
Saskatchewan
Yukon
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National Policies and Methods
Canadian Highway Bridge Design code, CAN/CSA-S6-00, (CHBDC), the
standard for bridge construction, is the governing code for the design of bridges
in Canada.
Bridges in Canada are the responsibility of each Province
(see previous page for list)
National Research Council (NRC)
developed Best Practices
Lions’ Gate Bridge, Vancouver, BC
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InfraGuide
InfraGuide was created in 2001 by Infrastructure Canada, the Federation of
Canadian Municipalities and the National Research Council and the Canadian
Public Works Association.
Individual Provinces issued various dialects of the InfraGuide.
Recognizes growing infrastructure deficit in Canada.
Promotes Best Management Practices (BMP).
The goal of these (BMP) is to help make better decisions concerning maintenance,
repair and upgrading of infrastructure.
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Infrastructure Categories
Bridges
Metal Culverts
Pipelines
Railroads
Transmission Towers
Jacques Cartier Bridge,
1920, QC,
Major Repair / Rehabilitation
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Nova Scotia Rating System
Bridges to be inspected every
two to five years,
with visual inspections taking
place annually.
Nova Scotia Bridge Inspection Rating System
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Bridge Management System (BMS)
requirements for its BMS
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Describe the current “health”
Project the “health” over time (function of funding)
Identify the funding required to upgrade.
Identify the current costs to road users of deficiencies in load capacity
and clearances.
Determine the optimal mix of maintenance and improvements.
Identify the least cost set of maintenance actions, the costs of
deferred maintenance, and the savings of preventive maintenance.
Provide priority lists.
Produce specific bridge programs for single or multi-year planning
horizons.
Provide a means to analyze alternative funding scenarios, cost
assumptions, and “what if” questions.
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Ontario Structure Rehabilitation Manual (OSRM)
OSRM provides a systematic
method for
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recording inventory and
inspection data,
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assessing maintenance needs,
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determining optimal use of
budgets,
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improving planning and
scheduling of bridge
improvements.
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Ontario Structures Inspection Manual (OSIM)
Bridges in Ontario undergo two
types of inspections:
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detailed visual inspections
are performed every 2 years.
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less intensive inspection, a
maintenance inspection, is
performed twice a year.
Element Inspection Screen
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Ontario Structures Inspection Manual (OSIM)
OSIM was first released
in 1985
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qualitative inspection
procedure
individual components of a
bridge
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rated on a scale of 1 to 6
condition states are
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Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
OSIM Elements to be inspected
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British Columbia Bridge Inspections
Large projects are handled by the Region Highways
Small maintenance projects usually the responsibility of the MoT
Maintenance Contractors.
“Do-nothing” projects are those that are not cost effective to perform.
Bridge Management Information System (BMIS) is used
Bridge Condition Ratings:
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Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
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Maintenance Options
Paint / Coating Systems:
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inhibitive primers,
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sacrificial primers, and
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barrier coats.
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Touch-up painting
Overcoating
Recoating
Hot-dip galvanizing
Cold galvanizing
Thermal spray coatings
Weathering steel
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Coat / Coatings ,
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
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Bridges - 1
Victoria Bridge, Grand Trunk Railway,
across the St. Lawrence River to the Island of Montreal, 2011 m long, built in 1853
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Bridges - 2
Railway Bridge Crossing Lachine Canal in Montreal
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Bridges - 3
Wooden Trestle Bridge
at Stoney Creek
Steel Bridge at Stoney Creek
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Bridges - 4
Skytrain Bridge,
New Westminster, BC,
1988
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Quebec Bridge,
Quebec City, 1907
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Bridge Challenges
Fatigue Problems in Bridges
prominent in old riveted steel railway bridges
occurs due to age and constantly changing freight loads
most of the weight concentrated at the locomotive
modern trailing weights may easily exceed that of locomotives
increase in trailing weight results in more cycles of loading than designed
for
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Corrosion Damage
Corrosion of
Steel Girder Ends
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Repair Works
after truck accident:
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applying an external jacking force
while heat straightening
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Replacement of Elements
Lion's Gate Bridge,
Vancouver, 1938,
deck replacement , 1999
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Bridge Widening
Port Mann Bridge,
Vancouver, 1964,
adding fifth lane, 2001
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Refurbishing
Takhini Bridge, Whitehorse, YT, 1968, steel pony truss bridge with a RC deck
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1991: it was strengthened by adding extra thicknesses of steel to the
trusses
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1997: major deck patching
replacement of the deteriorated bridge deck, increased load capacity and
increased the seismic resistance of the bridge
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Conclusion and Summary
few provinces really excel in the area of rehabilitation and maintenance of bridge
infrastructure from a management standpoint
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Ontario: Bridge Management System
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Nova Scotia: good inspection and maintenance program
common practice for steel infrastructure: application of coatings
future of infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation promising
Canada being fully committed to fixing all ageing resources
individual provinces will increasingly be able to improve their inventory and pursue more
preventive maintenance procedures (average spending about $150 Mill./year/province)
The support of the Ministry of Transportation of the Province of British Columbia for the
presented work is gratefully acknowledged.
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No Sailing …?
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