Transcript Imperialism of Southeast Asia

Imperialism of Southeast Asia
Chapter 27.5
Why and who invades Southeast Asia?
• Pacific Rim = lands within Southeast Asia
– Desired for LOCATION as a sea route to China
– Tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil
– Euro powers challenge each other for parts of the
region
• Imperial Powers that be:
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Dutch
British
French
Portuguese
Spanish
European Invasion
• 1700s Dutch East India Company controls:
– Strait of Malacca (Malaysia) from Portuguese
– Java (Indonesia) from British
– Eventually the entire island chain of Indonesia
– Create rigid social class system
• Dutch = top
• Educated Indonesians = middle
• Plantation workers = bottom
• Germans claim Marshall Islands (northeast of New Guinea), parts of New
Guinea (northeast of Australia) and Solomon Islands (east of Papua New
Guinea)
British
• British control Singapore –
on Malaysian Peninsula
• Sing. becomes world’s
busiest port. Why?
– Increased demand for tin
and rubber
– Opening of Suez Canal
• Britain encourages Chinese
migration to Malaysia
– Malays become minority
– Conflict b/t Chinese and
Malays exist today
Viva France!!!
• French control Indochina:
– North and South Vietnam
– Laos
– Cambodia
• Used direct control
– French filled all positions in
government
– Did not encourage local
industry
– Devoted 4 times the land for
rice production
• For export not local
consumption
• Reduction in local rice
production fuels resistance
Colonial Impact
• Positive
– Economies grew (based on cash crops
– Transportation improvements: roads, harbors, rail
systems
– Improved communication
– Health, education, and sanitation
• Negative
– Took away independence
– Racism
• Melting pot of Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Buddhists
• Clashes still seen today
Siam
• Siam = present day Thailand
• Location = b/t Britain’s Burma and
France’s Indochina
• Siam remained neutral
– Convinced Brits and French
– Modernized
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Started schools
Reformed legal system
Reorganized government
Built railroads and telegraph
systems
• Ended slavery
• Neutrality and independence
equaled no:
– Racism and economic exploitation
found in colonized countries
• Today
– Southern Thailand in turmoil
– Muslims fighting against Buddhist
majority
United States in the Pacific Islands
• U.S. dislikes the idea of colonization.
– Why?
• Two groups LIKE the idea of imperialism
– Empire builders who wanted world dominance
– Business men wanting new markets and
trading partners
• Spanish-American war (1898)
– U.S. declares war on Spain after the sinking of
the Battleship Maine in Havana, Cuba.
– Signing of Treaty of Paris ends war
– Spain loses possessions to U.S.
– U.S. acquires Philippines, Puerto Rico, and
Guam
• Filipinos don’t want to replace one imperialist
for another
– Filipinos declare independence
– Fight U.S. and lose (1899-1902)
– U.S. promises preparation for self-rule
• Builds infrastructure (roads, railways, schools, etc.)
• Introduces cash crops which leads to food
shortages
U.S. and Hawaii
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1790 Hawaii becomes of interest to U.S.
– Port on the way to Hawaii, China, and East India
1820s sugar trade changes Hawaiian economy
– U.S. establishes sugar plantations
– Sugar planters gain political power in Hawaii
McKinley Tariff Act (1890)
– Starts crisis
– Eliminates tariffs on sugar entering U.S.
• Sugar from Hawaii now becomes more
expensive than sugar produced elsewhere
• U.S. business leaders push for annexation
(adding of territory)
• If Hawaii were part of the U.S. sugar cold be
sold for greater profits because producers
would get money (2 cents/pound) from
government (subsidy)
Queen Liliuokalani calls for new constitution that would
increase her power
– Would also restore power to Hawaiians
U.S. businessmen overthrow monarchy and
remove Liliuokalani from power
– Sanford B. Dole named president of Hawaii and asks
U.S. for annexation (1898)