Transcript Leininger’s Culture of Care THeory

MADELEINE LEININGER’S
THEORY OF CULTURE CARE
DIVERSITY & UNIVERSALITY
Amy Boge & Lindsay Scholten
Nursing 324
Ferris State University
INTRODUCTION
Madeleine Leininger developed the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality. She described
Three dominant modes to guide nursing decisions and actions in order to provide cultural congruent care. They
are (a) cultural care maintenance or preservation, (b) cultural care accommodation or negotiation, and (c) cultural
care restructuring and repatterning. In sum, the purpose of the theory is to describe, account for, interpret, and
predict cultural congruent care in order to attain the ultimate goal of the theory, namely to provide quality care to
clients of diverse cultures that is congruent, satisfying, and beneficial to them (Leininger, 1988, p. 155).
Objectives:
• Define how nursing theory is used for evidence based practice.
• Define nursing, person, health, and environment according to Leininger’s theory.
• Explore how Leininger’s theory can improve the contemporary health care environment.
HOW IS NURSING THEORY USED FOR
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE?
• Nursing theory combined with research helps to find
the answers to difficult questions in nursing practice
(Black, 2014).
• Theoretical models are often used to develop research
questions (Black, 2014).
• Theory provides a solid base and history for nursing,
while continued research ensures relevance and a
future for nursing.
• “In general, a theory is effective if it can discover,
explain, interpret, and predict a phenomenon. There
are different ways to define and use theories; there is
no one right way to generate, test, analyze, and
evaluate theories. More scientists are beginning to
use qualitative approaches for inquiry to expand
knowledge, especially in the human sciences”
(Leininger, 1988, p. 154).
• Watson (1991) stated that “nursing is a transcultural
discipline and [Leininger’s] theory is a milestone to
contribute to the unique nature of nursing… no other
work has systematically linked theory, method and
practice to address the culture care needs of human
beings” (as cited in Leininger, 2007, p. 12).
THE METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS OF NURSING
DEFINITIONS BASED ON LEININGER’S THEORY
Nursing
• Leininger (2007) believed care to be the “essence of
nursing” ( p. 9) and the “central, dominant, and
unifying feature of nursing” (Leininger, 1988, p. 152).
She believed nurses should use “creativity to discover
cultural aspects of human needs” (Black, 2014, p.
277).
• The nurse must listen “with a very open mind to the
informant, learning from them, and not imposing”
(Leininger, 2002, p. 192) his or her own ideas on the
patient.
• Culturally based nursing care is essential to the
“health and well-being” of patients (Black, 2014, p.
278).
Person
• Every individual is unique and has different needs,
cultural beliefs, and values (Black, 2014).
• Leininger’s (2007) theory focuses on discovering
“diversities and universalities” (p. 10), or differences
and similarities between people to improve wellness
and quality of life through culturally congruent
nursing care.
THE METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS OF NURSING
DEFINITIONS BASED ON LEININGER’S THEORY
Health
• Leininger (2007) says culturally based care is
necessary to “nurture the quality of life and health
and to prevent illness or disabilities” (p. 10).
• “Health refers to a state of well-being that is
culturally defined, valued, and practiced and which
reflects the ability of individuals (or groups) to
perform their daily role activities in a culturally
satisfactory way” (Leininger, 1988, p. 156).
• Providing care with the patient’s cultural needs in
mind will “prevent stress, conflicts, and imposition
of practices” (Leininger, 2007, p. 10).
Environment
• Environment refers to the “totality of an event,
situation, or particular experience that gives
meaning to human expressions, including social
interactions and physical, ecological, emotional,
and cultural dimensions (Leininger, 1988, p. 156).
• Leininger’s (2007) theory focuses on this concept
specifically by suggesting nurses provide holistic,
culturally congruent care.
• When patients’ environments are considered, they
are more likely to accept care and cooperate with
nurses to improve their health (Leininger, 2007).
HOW CAN LEININGER’S THEORY IMPROVE THE
CONTEMPORARY HEALTH CARE
ENVIRONMENT?
Local
Leininger’s (2007) theory can…
•
•
help change nurses’ thinking
about other cultures by
eliminating biases and
misconceptions.
promote health and make health
services more fitting to the
“cultural lifeways” (Leininger,
2007, p. 12) of clients.
Regional
•
Culturally competent nurses are
needed as the United States is
becoming more racially diverse
(Black, 2014).
•
Understanding cultural
backgrounds improves
communication and helps create
better nurse-patient relationships
(Black, 2014).
Global
•
Leininger (2007) believed that if
“cultures, individuals, and nations
would discover and practice
culturally congruent care, then
peaceful relations could prevail
among all human cultures” ( p.
12).
•
Using Leininger’s theory, nursing
can be a major contributor to
meeting the “humanitarian and
cultural needs in [the] global
universe” (Leininger, 2007, p. 12).
REFERENCES
•
Black, B.P. (2014). Professional nursing: Concepts and challenges (7th ed.) Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders
•
Leininger, M. (2002). Culture care theory: A major contribution to advance transcultural nursing knowledge and practices. Journal of Transcultural Nursing,
13(3), 189-192. doi: 10.1177/10459602013003005
•
Leininger, M. (2007). Theoretical questions and concerns: Response from the theory of culture care diversity and universality perspective. Nursing Science
Quarterly, 20(1), 9-13. doi: 10.1177/0894318406296784
•
Leininger, M. (1998). Special research report: Dominant culture care (EMIC) meanings and practice findings from Leininger’s theory. Journal of Transcultural
Nursing, 9(2), 45-48. doi: 10.1177/104365969800900297
•
Leininger, M.M. (1988). Leininger’s theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and universality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 1(4), 152-160. doi:
10.1177/089431848800100408