Transcript Electrification of Ikonda Hospital with a Jatropha bio

ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Electrification of Ikonda Hospital
with a Jatropha biofuel System
Elena Cardillo
Francesco Nesta
ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Outline
1. Aim of the project
2. Energy in rural communities
3. Power Consumption and reneweable energies in Tanzania
4. Hydropower vs Solar Energy (SPV)
5. Biofuel as renewable source of energy
6. Jatropha: the green gold of the desert
7. Case Study: Power for the Ikonda Hospital
8. Conclusions
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Aim of the Project
o Analyse the use of renewable energies in rural community
o Provide a more convenient power generation solution based on
Jatropha Biofuel energy
o Apply this kind of system to the Ikonda Hostipal, in Tanzania
o Substitute the diesel-fuel energy system with Jatropha biofuel system
for saving cost of imported fuel
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Energy in Rural Communities
o Majority of Rural Communities’ people dependent on traditional fuel
o Policy efforts and government investments in energy projects only in
the cities
o Need of introduction of sustainable energy systems
o Development of reneweable energy technologies as a solution
o Problems: Not economically feasible / technical expertise
requirements
o Important the role of ICT solutions
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
P.C. & R.E. in Tanzania
o Electricity generation: 1.88 billion KWh/world 17,351billionKWh
o Electricity consumption: 1.20 billion KWh/world 15,747 billion KWh
o Tot. Primary energy production: 0.020QBt and Consumption 0.072 QBtu
o Majour sources of commercial energy: Petroleum (imported),
hydropower, and coal.
o Biomass: 93% of the total energy consumption
o Per capita Electricity Consumption of 46/KWh per annum
o Development of alternative sources of energy: wind, coal, hydro, and
solar energy
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Hydropower vs Solar Energy (SPV) (1/2)
o Small hydropower utilization is still very low: 18% of the total power
generation in Africa
o Mini/small hydropower stations to supply power mainly to religious
centres (schools and hospitals)
o Benefits: Low cost and independent of energy price volatility
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Hydropower vs Solar Energy (SPV) (2/2)
o Solar Energy Benefits: facilitate great improvements in the overall
health, education, and economy of rural villages
o decreases the amount of local air pollution, and of electricity needed
for small diesel generators
o offset of greenhouse gases
o reduces the need for disposable dry-cell batteries
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ITC4sd - Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Biofuel as renewable source of energy
o Benefits (renewable resource, carbon neutral)
o Ethanol (sugar cane, sugar beet, corn, maize)
o Brasil and flex engine
o Oil plants (palm, soybean, algae, jatropha)
o Controversial question “Food VS Fuel”
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Jatropha: the green gold of the desert (1/2)
o Already used in Mbinga (Tanzania)
o Adavantages (easy to grow, needs small amount of water)
o Not a food crop
o Secondary products can be sold (soap, glycerine)
o 1 hectare is enough to produce 2500 liters of fuel per year
o A good EROI (9-10)
o Initial investiments are relatively small
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Jatropha: the green gold of the desert (2/2)
o Crushing 1 tonne of Jatropha seeds costs around 30 euro
o 1 tonne of seedcake (the leftovers after pressing) can be sold for 75
euro for the production of soap and fertilizer
o Refining Jatropha oil into biodiesel costs less than 100 euro per tonne.
o Approximatively production cost of 0.31euro/l
o “Sayari Oil Expeller” would save crushing cost
(sold by Vyahumu Trust for about 1500 euro)
o Engine tweaking for diesel based transports
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Case study: Power for the Ikond Hospital (1/2)
o Located in an isolated region of Tanzania (near the border with Malawi)
o 202 beds as unofficial capacity (it’s still growing)
o Composed of: Day Hospital, Surgical Area, Pedriatric Area,….
o They use a small hydropower generator (40kW) 8 years per month
o A diesel generator supplies their power needs when there is shortage of
water
o Diesel fuel can be converted in biofuel
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Case study: Power for the Ikond Hospital (2/2)
o We assume to limit the power consumption to 30 kW (e.g. lighiting
conversion)
o For an average load of 50% in a day we need a generator that supply
continuosly 15 kWh
o 1 Kwh= 15 liters of fuel per days 225 fuel per day
o Liters of fuel needed for 4 month  about 27900
o 1 hectare of Jatropha = 2500 liters
 11 hectares for the cultivation
o Cost saved of about 20000 euro per year!
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
Conclusions
o General situation of power consuption in developing countries.
o Renewable energies in rural community
o Biofuel in Tanzania  Jatropha
o A real possibility of application to the Ikonda Hospital
o More rigorous analysis should be necessary
o Anyway advantages and possible cost saving are greater than our
expectation
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ITC4sd- Power Consumption and Dimensioning
…any questions?
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