Transcript PowerPoint Sunusu

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
9
ADOLESCENCE
Physical Development
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
1
0-2 years:
INFANCY and TODDLERHOOD
2-6 years:
EARLY CHILDHOOD
6-11 years:
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
11-21 years:
TEENAGER, ADOLESCENCE
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
2
Adolescence divided into three phases
a)Early adolescence, from 11
or 12 to 14 years of age, a
period of rapid pubertal
change.
b)Middle adolescence, from 14
to 18 years of age, when
pubertal changes are nearly
complete.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
3
c) Late adolescence
(sometimes called youth),
from 18 to 21 years of age,
when the young person
achieves full adult appearence
and faces more complete
assumption of ault roles.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
4
Adolescence: from savages
into civilized beings (Darwin and Hall)
Genital Stage (Freud)
Identity versus Identity diffusion
(Erikson)
Puberty: Biological changes at
adoşescence that lead to an
adultsize body and sexual maturity.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
5
PUBERTY
The Physical
Transition to
Adulthood
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
6
The changes of puberty are
dramatic and momentous.
Within a few years, the
childish appearance of the
school-age youngster is
transformed into that of a fullgrown adult.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
7
Girls, who have been
advanced in physical
maturity since the
prenatal period, reach
puberty, on the average,
2 years earlier than do
boys.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
8
Nutrition, exercise, and
physical health play
important roles in the vast
differences in pubertal
timing among geographic
regions, social classes, and
individual children.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
9
Pubertal changes can be
divided into two broad types:
1)Overall body growth, which
includes the changes in size,
proportion, and composition,
2)Maturation of sexual
charecteristics.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
10
Hormonal Changes
Sexual maturation is controlled
by the sex hormones.
Although estrogens are thought
of as female hormones and
androgens as male hormones,
both types are present in each
sex, but in different amounts.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
11
Androgen testosterone: muscle
growth, body and facial hair, and other
male sexual characteristics.
Testosterone also contributes to gains in
body size.
Estrogens released by the girl’s ovaries
cause the brasts, uterus, and vagina to
mature, the body to take on feminine
proportions, and fat to accumulate.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
12
Changes in Body Size and Proportions
The first outward sign of puberty
is the rapid gain in height and
weight known as the growth spurt.
The girls is taller and heavier
during early adolescence, but this
advantage is short-lived.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
13
Throughout infancy and
childhood, body growth followed
the cephalo-caudal trend. In
adolescence, the direction of
growth is reversed. At first, the
hands, legs, and feet accelerate,
and then the torso, which
accounts for most of the
adolescent height gain.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
14
At adolescence, major
differences in boys’ and girls’
body proportions appear. The
most obvious are the broadening
of the shoulders relative to the
hips in boys and the broadening
of the hips relative to the
shoulders and waist in girls.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
15
Muscle-Fat Makeup and other
internal changes
Around age 8, girls start to
add more fat than boys on
their arms, legs, and trunk,
and they continue to do so
througout puberty.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
16
In contrast, the arm and leg fat
of adolescent boys decreases.
Although both sex gain in
muscle at puberty, this
increase is much greather for
boys, who develop larger
skeletal muscles, hearts, and
lung capacity.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
17
Sexual Maturation
Accompaniying the rapid increase in body
size are changes in physical features
related to sexual functioning.
Primary sexual characteristics involve the
reproductive organs directly (ovaries,
uterus, and vagina in females; penis,
scrotum, and testes in males).
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
18
Secondary sexual characteristics are visible
on the outside of the body and serve as
additional sign of sexual maturity (for
example breast development in females,
appearance of underarm and pubic hair in
both sexes).
Sexual maturation in girls: Menarche, first
mensturation.
Sexual maturation in boys: Spermarche,
first ejaculation of seminal fluid.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa ERGÜN
19