Transcript 6-4 The War of 1812 Erupts - U.S. History

6-4 The War of 1812 Erupts
Textbook
Pages 189-191
Thomas Jefferson
• Popularity soared after the Louisiana
Purchase.
• In 1806 France and Britain started to
seize American ships.
– Britain 1,000
– France 500
Grievances Against Britain
• Americans focused anger on British
– British were using policy of impressment
• Impressment – forced any American
at sea to be drafted into the British
Navy.
• Chesapeake – U.S. captain refused to
let British board their ship to look for
deserters…in return 18 wounded and
3 Americans were killed.
Grievances Against Britain
• Jefferson wanted Congress to
declare an embargo (ban on
exporting products to other
countries)
– Thought it would hurt Britain, but only
hurt U.S.
– Embargo Act of 1807 was lifted in 1809
Grievances Against Native
Americans
• War Hawks
– John C. Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KT)
leaders of the group
– Wanted to go to war with Britain
– Didn’t like the presence of Native
Americans in Indiana Territory
– General William Henry Harrison (governor
of the Indiana Territory) invited several
Native American chiefs to Fort Wayne,
Indiana and persuaded them to sign over 3
million acres of tribal land to U.S.
Government
Grievances Against Native
Americans
• Confederacy of Native Americans led
my Shawnee chief Tecumseh began
organizing to fight for their
homeland.
– 1811 Tecumseh’s brother was defeated
in an attack (Battle of Tippecanoe)
– During that fight War Hawks found out
that N.Americans had gotten supplies
from Canadian-British
• They were furious!
The War Brings Mixed Results
• James Madison (Virginian
Republican) won election of 1808
– Decided to go to war with Britain in
1812
• Congress approved the declaration of war.
Failure in Canada
• Republican funding cuts left
American military ill-prepared
– First year battles were disastrous
– By the second year America was
winning against Britain and N.
Americans.
• Tecumseh was killed at the Battle of Thames
British Burn the White House
• By 1814 the British were burning
towns up and down the Atlantic
coast.
– Washington, D.C. had to be evacuated.
– British burned the Capitol, the White
House, and other public buildings.
• General Andrew Jackson (TN)
gathered troops to protected New
Orleans.
– Defeated the British
British Burn the White House
• Treaty of Ghent was signed on X-mas
eve 1814 and declared an armistice
(end of fighting)
• 1815 trade reopened
• 1818 British-American commission
set the northern boundary of the
Louisiana Territory at 49th parallel
• 10 year joint occupation of Oregon
Territory