Transcript Media Selection - Educational Technology

Media Selection
Choosing the best media for the
instructional message
Objectives of the session

Identify types of commonly used media
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Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of
selected media

Identify factors affecting media selection
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Select appropriate media for delivery of
instruction
Teachers
of the 21st Century
Students
of the 21st Century
Today’s digital kids think of information and
communications technology (ICT) as something
akin to oxygen. They expect it. It’s what they
breathe, and it’s how they live. They use ICT to
meet, play, date, and learn. It’s an integral part
of their social life. It’s how they acknowledge
each other and form their personal identities.
(Seely-Brown, 2004)
Traditional Learning
Schooling
Knowing
(factual knowledge based learning)
Broadcast/ Teacher centred /
Transmission model/passive learning
Single sense stimulation / single media
Traditional Content /
isolated, artificial context
Learning Tech Skills / individual work/
21st Century Learning
Lifelong Learning
Understanding
Constructivist / student centred L/
information exchange/ active learning
Multi-sensory stimulation / multimedia
Contemporary Content/
real world, authentic context
Developing 21st Century Skills /
collaborative work / critical thinking
Instructional Media – The Basics
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Instructional media carry messages with an
instructional purpose.
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The design of the message and the quality of
teacher-learner interactions, not the medium,
are what influences learning effectiveness
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No one medium is capable of presenting all the
required learning stimuli, so use a multimedia
approach.
Types of Instructional Media
Audio
 Teacher’s voice
 Audio cassettes
 Audio CDs
 Radio
Classified according to sensory
channels.
Audio/Visual
 video
 multimedia CDs
 DVDs
 PowerPoint
 Internet
visual
 chalkboards
 white boards
 flannel boards
 magnetic boards
 objects / models
 pictures
 charts / diagrams
 photographs
 text
 OH transparencies
 slides / silent films
Tactile/
Kinaesthetic
 working models
 equipment
 simulators
 interactive software
Advantages and Disadvantages
of the Media
Audio
Advantages
 Inexpensive
 Easy to create
 Easy to duplicate
 Very Accessible
Disadvantages
 May not be interactive
 No visual stimulus
Audio/Visual
visual
Advantages
 Very effective for introducing,
summarizing and reviewing concepts
 Can be used as a motivational tool
 meets needs of students with different
learning styles
 Complex or abstract concepts can be
illustrated
Tactile/
Kinaesthetic
Advantages
 Individualized learning
 Motivational
 Interactive
 Great for children who
need concrete
representations
 Provides hands-on,
real life experiences
Disadvantages
 Passive learning may take place if not interactive
Factors Affecting Media Selection
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There are many media selection models and
approaches (e.g. Romiszowski)
The basis of media selection models are the
factors affecting media choice.
These factors include…
Factors Affecting Media Selection
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instructional method
type of learning task (objectives)
subject matter and required student performance
learner characteristics (learning style, skills)
target population – location, size
teachers’ attitudes/preferences, skills etc.
physical attributes of the media (sensory channels)
teaching space, lighting, facilities (physical environment)
practical constraints – economic (money) and
administrative time , what’s available
When Should I Select

listening skills

differentiation of sounds

stimulation of the imagination

re-telling

Music or music appreciation
Caution
•
risk of misinterpretation
•
difficult for young children
?
Teacher’s voice
 Audio cassettes
 Audio CDs
 Radio
When Should I Select
?
• chalkboards

demonstration

problem solving

contrived experiences (realism and
immediacy)
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To present information
Caution
•
Excess stimuli can hinder
•
Audio and visual channels should
be mutually supportive. They
should not compete.
• white boards
• flannel boards
• magnetic boards
• objects / models
• pictures
• charts / diagrams
• photographs
• text
• OH transparencies
• slides / silent films
 video
 television
 multimedia CDs
 DVDs
 PowerPoint
 Internet
Next
Round 75 to
the nearest
ten.
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
back
75 rounds to 80 because
5 or more rounds to the
next tens digit.
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Compare
Compare 114 and 346
Hundreds
Tens
Ones
1
4
Hundreds
Tens
Ones
3
4
6
1
114
back
336
2. During practice Mark tried ten foul shots. He hit six.
Write fractions that represents the number of shots
Mark hit and the number of shots Mark missed.
Step 1: Illustrate the Problem
Step 2: Solve the Problem
back
HIT
6 out of 10
MISSED
4 out of 10
6/
10
4/
10
Using video in the classroom
back
When Should I Select

To introduce a lesson or
topic
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When it is convenient to
use the real thing
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When manipulating
objects can better explain
the principle being taught
?
 working models
 equipment
 simulators
 interactive software
Convergence of technologies
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Driving this convergence is the powerful
discovery that all information – sound, pictures,
data – can be converted into digital format (ones
and zeroes) and reincarnated intact somewhere
else.
Computer technologies facilitate the
combination of different media.
And Finally…
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Media can become effective learning resources
if what is selected is relevant to the task, and
provides experiences which are different
from other available material.
(Adapted from Bates, 1984)