Transcript Topic 2: Nationalism Topic 2A: Nationalist Revolutions in

Topic 2: Nationalism
Topic 2A:
Nationalist Revolutions in Latin
America
“It takes a revolution to make a
solution.”
-Bob Marley
Date______
Page____
Title: Revolutionary Ideas Spread
Warm-up:
What do you know about Latin America? Write
down at least five facts.
Nationalism
What is it?
Nationalismis a people's sense of belonging together as a nation. It also includes such feelings as
loyalty to the nation, pride in its culture and history, and--in many cases--a desire for
national independence.
Nation vs. State
NationA group of people with a
shared culture, language,
history, etc. who have the
desire to have their own state.
StateA political organization
consisting of one or more
nations of people.
Bonds that Create
Nation-States
Causes of Latin American
Revolutions
• Enlightenment ideas inspire the
educated Creoles
• American Revolution ideals
• French Revolution ideals
• Oppression of lower classes
• Napoleon’s conquest of Spain
Directions: Copy this social class
pyramid into your notebook.
PeninsularesBorn in Spain
Creoles- Europeans born in
Latin America
Mestizos- Native and European Mix
Mulattos- European and African mix
Africans
Natives
Directions: Using the information in the chart below, create a pie graph that represents the
percentage of population for each of the social classes. Color each wedge a different color and
make a key. Once you have completed that, color the social class pyramid based on the key you
created for your pie graph.
Social Class
Peninsulares
Africans
Mestizos
Mulattos
Creoles
Indians/Natives
Percentage of
Population
0.1%
6.4%
7.3%
7.6%
22.8%
55.8%
Number of People
15,000
900,000
1,030,000
1,070,000
3,070,000
7,860,000
Label each country, then paste the map into your notebook.
Countries in Central America
Belize - a country in Central America at the southeast border of Mexico
and northeast of Guatemala.
Costa Rica - a country just north of Panama.
El Salvador - a country in Central America that is south of Guatemala
and Honduras.
Guatemala - a country in Central America south of Mexico and west of
Belize.
Honduras - a country northeast of Nicaragua.
Nicaragua - a country just north of Costa Rica.
Panama - a country at the southernmost tip of Central America.
Other Features
Atlantic Ocean - the ocean east of Central America.
Colombia - a country in northwestern South America; it is
southeast of Panama.
Lake Nicaragua - a large lake in Nicaragua.
Mexico - a country southwest of the USA and north of Guatemala
and Belize.
Pacific Ocean - the ocean west of Central America.
Panama Canal - a man-made canal in Panama that connects the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Factors Leading to Revolution:
•Social Injustice: colonial class structure- Creoles owned most land and wealth.
Oligarchy- ruling elite. Mestizos, mulattoes, Indians, Africans have few rights.
•Caudillos- local military strongmen- had own armies and gained control of
governments- repressive, ignored existing constitutions.
•Power of the Church: Catholic Church was a stabilizing influence, promoted
education, in colonial times owned a lot of land.
•Cash Crop Economies: colonies sent sugar, cotton, coffee to Europe – dependency on
1 crop=unstable economy.
•Economic Imperialism: foreign investment helped develop mining and farmingdeveloped ports and railroads, but only upper class and foreign investors profited;
borrowed money at high rates from other nations and could not pay it back
•Geographic Barriers: Andes Mountains, vast areas- hinder attempts at creating a
unified Latin America.
•Failure to Industrialize: lack of education and innovation
•Peonage system: made workers practical slaves
Haiti
•
•
•
•
1st Latin American colony to fight for independence.
Slavery – Africans were the majority of the population
White masters used brutal methods to control them
In 1791, about 100,000 slaves led a revolt against the
French
•Toussaint
L’Ouverture, a former
slave, became their
leader
•In 1802, Napoleon
sent troops to the
island to end the
rebellion
•They failed & in 1804
Haiti declared itself an
independent nation
• Slavery ended in Haiti
Impact of Toussaint L’Ouverture
• Played a key role in what was the
first successful attempt by a slave
population in the Americas to
throw off the yoke of Western
colonialism.
• Defeated armies of 3 imperial
powers: Spain, France, and Great
Britain
• The success of the Haitian
Revolution had enduring effects on
shaking the institution of slavery
throughout the New World.
• Haiti became an independent
republic in the Western
Hemisphere.
Revolutions in Latin America
• How were Indians & creoles oppressed
under Spanish rule in Latin America?
• What ideas influenced Simon Bolivar in
his struggle to liberate Latin America?
• How did Bolivar & his followers free
Latin America from Spanish rule?