Transcript Chapter 21 – Progressives & Reformers

Chapter 21 – Progressives &
Reformers
Lesson 3 Objectives
1.
What Progressive reforms did Theodor Roosevelt
support?
2.
What was Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom
program?
3.
How was big business regulated during the
Progressive Era?
A Reforming President
• William McKinley
chooses Theodore
Roosevelt as his
running mate for the
1900 Presidential
Election.
• McKinley is
assassinated in
1901, TR becomes
the nation’s
youngest president.
Leon Czolgosz
Teddy Roosevelt
• Old, wealthy NY family.
• Suffered from asthma &
was sick a lot
• Lifted weights, ran, &
boxed
• Entered politics after
college.
• Supported progressive
goals.
• Hated corruption and felt
gov. should protect the
public interest.
“goo-goo”
• Age 26, NY State
Legislature
• 1884, wife & mother died
the same day.
• Quit politics & moved to ND
to work on cattle ranch.
• Two years later, returned to
East and politics.
• Served on the Civil Service
Commission.
• Head of NYC Police
Department
• Asst. Secretary of Navy
• 1898 – Governor of NY
TR Takes on the Trusts
• Believed big business was to
stay.
– Good trusts were left alone.
– Bad trusts cheated the public
and took advantage of
workers.
• Northern Securities Case
– First company TR went after.
– Headed by JP Morgan.
– 1904 – Supreme Court
agreed that N. Securities had
violated the Sherman
Antitrust Act by limiting trade.
– Trust had to break up
• Went after Standard Oil and
American Tobacco Co.
– Both trusts were broken up.
•
Trustbuster!
Trustbuster – wants
to destroy all trusts.
• 1902 –
Pennsylvania Coal
Miners
– Strike for better pay
& shorter workday.
– Mine owners
refused to
negotiate.
– Roosevelt
threatened to send
troops in to run the
mines.
Promise of a Square Deal
• Square deal – all
should have an
equal opportunity
to succeed.
– Teddy was reelected in 1904.
Regulating railroads & Protecting consumers
• Elkins Act – outlawed rebates.
• Hepburn Act – gave the ICC greater power, including the
right to set rates.
• Meat Inspection Act – forced packers to open their doors
to more inspectors.
• Pure Food & Drug Act – required food and drug makers
to list all ingredients on their packaging, ended false ads,
and banned impure ingredients.
• Conservation – protection of natural resources
• Set aside a lot of land for national parks.
Taft & the Reformers
• 1908 – Teddy supported
William Howard Taft, who
was easily elected.
• Teddy goes to Africa.
• Taft
– Quiet & cautious
– Supported Progressive
causes
– Odds with progressives
• Teddy runs against Taft in
1912.
– Progressive Party –
bullmoose mascot
– Democrats choose
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
• Progressive
• Born in South
• President of
Princeton Univ.
• Gov. of New Jersey
• Won 1912 election
Pres. Woodrow Wilson
• New Freedom – a policy to
restore competition in the
American economy.
• Federal Reserve Act –
regulate banking
• Federal Trade Commission –
had power to investigate
companies and order them
to stop using unfair business
practices.
• Clayton Antitrust Act –
banned competition
limitations & barred antitrust
laws from being used
against labor unions.