Transcript Woodrow Wilson

Karen Valentin
Stephanie Velarde
Francesca Velarde
THE END OF THE PROGRESSIVE
ERA
William Howard Taft
 Roosevelt decided not to run in 1908
 Chose Taft as successor
 27th president (1909-1913)
 Liberal Republican
Few Months after Taking
Office…
 The Payne-Aldrich Tariff
 Payne Bill: Lowered rates on imported and
manufactured goods
 Aldrich Tariff: Increased tariffs
 Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich Compromise: Reduced
rates but at the same time kept them high enough for
proponents of lowering tariffs to complain
During his Term
 Richard A. Ballinger
 Gave some land Roosevelt placed in forest reserves to
public domain
 Gifford Pinchot
 Accused Ballinger of colluding with business interests
and unsupportive of environmental good
 Taft fired Pinchot in 1910
During his Term
 Persuade antitrust policy
 1911: Wanted Supreme Court to declare Standard
Oil Company in violation of Sherman Antitrust Act
 Break up into separate companies
 Rule of reason
 Big business were not antitrust violators unless
engaged in policies that got rid of competition
During his Term
 Supported 16th amendment
 Congress could enact a graduated income tax
 The countries power, responsibilities, and
expenditures where increasing
 Graduated income tax provided a secure source of
money
During his Term
 Allowed the direct election of Senators
 Interstate Commerce Commission:
 Successfully set railroad rates
 Few paid attention to this or the 80 antitrust
suits his administration initiated.
 Chief Justice of the United States
Election of 1912
 Candidates
 William Howard Taft
 Republican Party
 Woodrow Wilson
 Democratic Party
 Theodore Roosevelt
 Progressive Party
 Eugene Debs
 Socialist Party
Theodore Roosevelt’s
Challenge
 He challenged Taft for the Republican
nomination
 Defenders
 Taft betrayed the progressive platform
 Roosevelt was pressured
 He believed that he could do a better job
 Critics
 They thought he had a huge ego
 “Back stabbed” his friend
 Roosevelt was defeated
Candidate’s Platforms
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
 New Nationalism policies
 Proposed the elimination
 A broad plan of social reform
for America
 Wanted to preserve trusts
but regulate them
 Campaigned on behalf of




women’s suffrage
Supported tariffs
Minimum wage
Worker’s compensation act
Child labor law
of trusts
 Believed each state should
decide on the issue of
women suffrage
 Criticized tariffs
Candidate’s Platforms
Eugene V. Debs
William Taft
 Few supported him
 Defended the Sherman
• Abolish the “capitalistic
system”
Anti-Trust Act
 Opposed
 Child labor laws
 Labor unions
 Women suffrage
 Wanted to dismantle the
national park system
How it all played out
 Taft and Roosevelt were both trying to gain
the Republican Party’s votes
 Wilson won
 Republican votes were split in half
Candidates
Popular Vote
Electoral College
Vote
Wilson/Marshall
41.8%
81.9% (435)
Roosevelt/Johnson
27.4%
16.8% (88)
Taft/Sherman
23.2%
1.5% (8)
Debs/Seidel
6.0%
0% (0)
Woodrow Wilson
 Born in Virginia December 28, 1856
 Nominated as president in 1912 at democratic
convention
 28th President
 Term: 1913-1921
During his Term
 Neutral first three years of WWI (1913-1916)
 Said America could not remain neutral in the WW1
 April, 2 1917 asked congress for a declaration of war
on Germany
 Led America through WWI (1916-1919)
 Hoped that participation in war would broker a peace
treaty and end war forever
During his Term
 Campaigned on a program called
New Freedom (1912)
 New Freedom: stressed individualism and
states' rights
 Established an office near congress so he
could meet with the members to talk about
pending legislation
During his Term
 Underwood Tariff Act (1913)
 Reduced Tariff
 Created a graduated income tax
During his Term
 Federal Reserve System (1913):
 Dealt with 12 regional banks and the board
governors
 Federal Trade Commission (1914):
 Prohibit unfair business practices
 Established 1914 by antitrust legislation
During his Term
 Clayton Antitrust act (1914): prohibits direct
or indirect interference with trade
 Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr workday on
railroads
During his Term
 1st pres. to constantly have press conferences
to influence public opinion
 Dealt with progressivism and made his own
version since Democrats were in control of
congress
Citations
 Terrell, E.T. History of US Income Tax. Retrieved November 10,
2013 , from
http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/hottopic/irs_history.html
 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Payn
e-Aldrich_Tariff_Act.html
 William Howard Taft. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamhowardta
f
Citations
 About Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10, 2013 ,
from http://www.wilsoncenter.org/about-woodrowwilson
 (1996) Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10, 2013 ,
from http://www.history.com/topics/woodrow-wilson
 (2006) Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10, 2013 ,
from
http://m.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwi
lson