Transcript PAD 340 Research Project

ADS511
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
AND DATA ANALAYSIS
LESSON 9
Writing Research Report
What is research report?
A research report presents the results of
your investigations on a selected topic.
Based on your own thoughts and the facts
and ideas you have gathered from a variety
of sources, a research report is a creation
that is uniquely yours. The experience of
gathering, interpreting, and documenting
information, developing and organizing ideas
and conclusions, and communicating them
clearly will prove to be an important and
satisfying part of your education.
The purposes of research report
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To present the research activities
that have been conducted.
To explain the research result and
findings that related to management
questions.
To present the analysis on the
findings and conclusion of the study.
To suggest the recommendations
and policies necessary for solving the
management questions.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this section is to
provide a brief and comprehensive
summary of the study. It is very
important because it is all that many
people will read. It should include a
brief description of the problem
being investigated, the methods
used, the results, and their
implications.
Sample of abstract
Distance learning programmes in Malaysian universities started in
1971 when Universiti Sains Malaysia offered its degrees in
humanities and social sciences through distance learning. Institut
Teknologi MARA followed soon after by offering its diploma
programmes
in
banking,
business
studies
and
public
administration. In 1995, the government directed all the public
universities to offer distance education programmes with the
objective of increasing the much needed manpower to propel it
towards achieving fully developed nation status by year 2020.
Although many research has been done on distance education
since it was introduced, not many of the research focused on
identifying the main sources of information used by adult learners
in selecting the preferred institution. This study attempt to
identify criteria considered important in choosing higher institution
and determine factors that influence them to continue study via
distance education. 1500 questionnaires were distributed to the
first year social science distance learning programmes and 980
valid responses were received.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this section is to tell the
reader why you performed the study. In other
words, you have to inform the reader of the
research question and indicate why it is
important, and how it is unique when compared
to previous studies.
- Problem statement
- Research questions
- Research Objectives
- Scope of study
- The importance of study
- Limitations of study
- Key terms/concepts
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Describing in detail the research issue.
Examining the issue based on various
information published in company report,
news paper, journals, books, and internet
web sites.
- What are the major issues.
- What are the key theories.
- What are the main questions have
been addressed to date.
- What are the definitions of the topic.
- What are the political standpoints.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODOLOGY
The purpose of this section is to describe in
detail how you performed the study.
Someone should be able to replicate your
study based on the information you provide
in this section.
- The nature of data.
- How the data was collected.
- What are the methods used to gather
the data.
- The instruments used.
- The sampling procedures.
- How the data was analyzed.
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND THE FINDINGS OF THE
STUDY
Presenting the results of statistical
tests, give descriptive statistics
before the corresponding inferential
statistics. In other words, give
means and/or percentages
(perhaps referring to a table or
figure), before talking about the
results of any statistical tests you
performed.
Table 2: Source of information
Sources
Number
Percentage
Family/Friends/relatives
411
41.9
Electronic media/Electronic
468
47.8
Pamphlet/ seminar/exhibition
99
10.1
Newspaper
2
0.2
980
100
Total
Figure 2: Distribution of Campus Students’ CGPA At Semester 01
50
40
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
30
20
Std. Dev = .41
10
Mean = 2.97
N = 293.00
0
1.38
1.63
1.88
2.13
2.38
2.63
2.88
3.13
3.38
3.63
CGPA Of Diploma Student At Semester 01
3.88
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS
The purpose of this section is to evaluate and
interpret the results, especially with respect to
the original research question.
Start off with a brief, non-technical summary of
the results. In other words, tell the reader
about the main findings without using statistical
terminology.
Then go on to discuss the implications of the
results. In other words, whatever was found
needs to be discussed.
It is also important to discuss how the results
relate to the literature you cited in the
introduction. In other words, emphasize any
theoretical consequences of the results.
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Finally, you need an ending paragraph in
which you make a final summary
statement of the conclusions you have
drawn. You are also encouraged, when
appropriate, to comment on the
importance and relevance of your
findings. How are your findings related
to the big suggestions.
Also mention any limitations of the study
and any suggestions for future research
in this section.
REFERENCES
Any citations made in the report must be
presented in this section and vice versa.
That is, if something is not cited in the
text, then it should not appear in this
section. In still other words, this is not a
bibliography
This section is alphabetized by last name
(of the first author involved in the
study).
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical,
experimental and theoretical aspects. New
York: Hoeber.
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Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical,
experimental and theoretical aspects. New York:
Hoeber.
Alverez, A. (1970). The savage god: A study of
suicide. New York: Random House.
Garner, B. A. (2003). Garner's Modern American
Usage. New York: Oxford University Press
Journal
Wheatcroft, G. (2004, June). The Tragedy of Tony
Blair. The Atlantic, 293 56–72.
Thomas, E. & Hosenball, M. (2004, May 31). Bush's
Mr. Wrong: The Rise and Fall of Chalabi. Newsweek,
143, 22–32.
News Paper
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Poirot, C. (2004, March 17). HIV prevention pill goes
beyond 'morning after'. The Hartford Courant, pp.
F1, F6
New exam for doctor of future. (1989, March 15).
The New York Times, p. B-10.
Silverman, P.H. (2004, June). Genetic Engineering
[Letter to the editor]. The Atlantic, 293 14
REFERENCES
Azni Zain Ahmed (1994) Laporan Tahunan Pra Sains ITM, Sesi Januari-Jun 1994, July,
unpublished.
Buku Panduan dan Maklumat : Program Pra Sains ITM. (1995, October), unpublished.
Hadariah Bahron, Noraini Mohd Nasir and Zaidi Mohd Aminuddin (2002), Pre Science
Program – A Second Chance for Academic Advancement, a paper presented at the
Malaysian Science and Technology Congress 2002, organized by COSTAM, Kuching,
Sarawak, December.
Mohd Hanafiah Abidin & Muhd Fauzi Safian (1993), Keberkesanan Kursus Pra Sains,
Paper presented at Seminar Pra Sains 1993, organised by ITM Perlis and ITM Shah
Alam, December.
Wan Noraaini Wan Jaafar (1996), Perbandingan Pencapaian Pelajar Lepasan SPM
dengan Pencapaian Pelajar Lepasan Pra Sains di dalam Bidang Kejuruteraan : Satu
Tinjauan, Paper presented at Seminar Kebangsaan Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik
organized by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, November.
The Contents of Research Report
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Declaration
Abstract
List of Tables/Figures
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology
Chapter 4 Result and Findings of Study
Chapter 5 Discussion on the Findings
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Recommendations
List of References
Appendices