Transcript No Slide Title
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• 1.
(p. 544-547)
In arguing for their policies, the new American expansionists of the late 1800s offered all of the following economic and social reasons except a. the United States would soon need to find new sources for the natural resources that it was rapidly using up b. the United States needed to acquire new overseas markets for its products
C.
the United States needed to find new sources of immigrants who would work in its factories for low wages d. the United States needed an aggressive foreign policy to take people's minds off internal problems and frustrations e. the United States needed to expand due to the "closing of the frontier."
• 3.
(p. 549-553)
In the 1890s, Spain and the United States gradually moved toward war over Cuba for all of the following reasons except a. a change in U.S. tariff policy hurt the Cuban economy and made the Cuban people ready for revolt b. when the Cuban revolt broke out, the American press printed sensational, one-sided stories about it
C.
during the Cuban revolt, the Spanish committed numerous atrocities, whereas the Cubans usually behaved humanely d. Cubans living in the United States popularized their side of the revolt with the American people e. sensationalized press coverage stirred a fervor for war
• 6.
(p. 558)
The Platt Amendment, incorporated into the Cuban constitution, gave Cuba a. full independence b. economic independence
C.
nominal political independence d. an American colonial government e. an equal partnership with American interests
• 9.
(p. 566)
Although the progressives often differed about what progressivism meant, most agreed that a. the "natural law" of the marketplace could stabilize society b. it was a particular set of political reforms c. it was a group of moral and humanitarian goals
D.
government should play a role in correcting society's ills e. all of the answers above
• 11.
(p. 566-567)
The favorite targets of the muckrakers included all of the following except
A.
the violence used against unions b. the excessive practices of the railroads c. the corruption of the business trusts d. the seamy side of boss rule e. the waste of natural resources
• 15.
(p. 580-581)
Progressives came to regard one state as the center of reform and its governor as the leading progressive. The most progressive state and governor were a. New Jersey/Woodrow Wilson
B.
Wisconsin/Robert La Follette c. California/Hiram. Johnson d. New York/Charles Evans Hughes e. Ohio/William McKinley
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• 7.
(p. 605)
Teddy Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for helping to end the _____ War.
Russo-Japanese
• 10.
(p. 602)
The _____ Amendment allowed the federal government to create a graduated income tax.
Sixteenth
• 14.
(p. 593)
The _____ Amendment provided for the popular election of the United States Senate.
Seventeenth
• 19.
(p. 580-581)
_____ was so successful as a progressive governor that his state became known as a "laboratory of progressivism."
Robert La Follette
world map
1st World War in history
•Great War
or
War to End all War
•Not called
WWI
WWII until after •Total war •Involved
60 nations
continents and 6
Cost of War
•$400 billion •$10 million dollars an hour 40 million deaths •First war of the Industrial Revolution …… New Weapons vs old tactics fighting of
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
“No Mans Land”
Trench Foot
Barbed Wire
The Zeppelin
Grenade Launchers Flame Throwers
Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Machine Gun Poison Gas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=aOq7DVcrVR8
Alliances
•European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power ……..
Triple Alliance Central Powers
Germany Austria-Hungary Empire Bulgaria
Triple Entente Allied Powers
Great Britain France Russia
Saravejo
•Austrian-Hungarian
Empire controlled several ethic groups.
•Serbian nationalists
wanted to untie Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia.
•This led to the
assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
alliances1
Nationalism
•Countries proud of their heritage
and culture
•Similar to patriotism •Ethnic groups of similar heritage
wanted to free their oppressed brethren and unite their people into one country
•Germany wanted to expand its
culture and political influence throughout Europe.
Nationalism
Imperialism
Imperialism
• economic and political control over other countries…… •France, Great Britain, Germany and Russia were establishing colonies in Africa and Asia •these countries were in competition for colonies
European nations competing for colonies around the world…..Imperialism
Cartoon European grab bag
Cartoon European grab bag
Cartoon European grab bag
Militarism
•European nations began an arms race as they competed for colonies around the world……
Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Russia
] in millions of dollars.
1870 $94 1880 $130 1890 $154 1900 $268 1910 $289 1914 $398
Militarism & Arms Race
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France Britain Russia Germany 10% 13% 39% 73% By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into the 3 rd largest naval fleet in the world….
The Great White Fleet
Mobilization
w
Home by Christmas!
w
No major war in 50 years!
w
Nationalism!
Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI.
franz
1. World War One– TimeLine
1.
June 28 Assassination at Sarajevo 2.
July 28 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia 3.
July 30 Russia began mobilization 4. August 1 Germany declared war on Russia
alliances1
5.
August 3 Germany declared war on France 6. August 3 Great Britain declared war on Germany 7.
8.
August 6 Russia and Austria/Hungary at war.
August 12 Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary
alliances2
2. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers Central Powers
Great Britain Germany France Austrian Hungarian Empire Russia Italy
Soldiers Mobilized
6 4 2 0 14 12 10 8 France Germany Russia Britain
battle fronts •German invasion in August of
1914, through Belgium to conquer France.
•Gave
French
and
British
militaries enough time to mobilize their army
•Belgium puts up a strong
fight.
•
1 st Battle of the Marne River
, France and Great Britain stop Germany from capturing Paris.
•France, England and Germany
involve itself in
trench warfare
from 1914 to 1918
http://www.bbc.co.uk/hist ory/interactive/animations /western_front/index_emb ed.shtml
battle fronts
w w w 4. Stalemate By September 1914, the war had reached a
stalemate
, neither side was able to gain an advantage.
When a French and British force stopped a German advance near Paris, both sides holed up in trenches separated by an empty
“no man’s land.”
Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties. Both sides continued to add new allies, hoping to gain an advantage.
w Modern Warfare Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines used in WW I.
w Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy.
w As morale fell, the lines between soldiers and civilians began to blur. The armies began to burn fields, kill livestock, and poison wells.
Launch List
w 1. Take 1 minute and rank in importance, the causes of World War 1 (Animalz)
•
Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before WWI began in Europe.
•
Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912.
•
5. Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe.
•
US was officially
NEUTRAL
The
effect of the war upon the United States
what American citizens say and do. Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the will depend upon
true spirit of neutrality
, which is the spirit of
impartiality
and
fairness
concerned. and
friendliness
to all The
people of the United States are drawn from many nations
, and chiefly from the inevitable nations now at war.
It is natural and that there should be the utmost
momentous struggle
. variety of sympathy.
Some will wish one nation, others another, to succeed in the
I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen , the United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days that are to try men's souls.
wilson neutrality1
sandwich man
The US believed nations The it had the right to trade with the warring and they would respect our neutrality …….Didn’t happen! German submarine warfare and British blockade violated our freedom of the seas and neutrality .
•US believed •It had the right to trade
with the
warring nations
•Warring nations must
respect our
neutrality
•in the
freedom of the seas
•German submarine warfare
and British blockade violated our
neutrality
notes2
Effects of Allied blockade •1914, $70 million in trade
with
Central powers
•1916, trade reduced to
$1.3 million
Allied trade •Grew from $825 million to
$3.2 billion in same time period
•WWI transformed the US
from a
debtor
to a
creditor
nation
•The Germans could not match
Great Britain's superior navy.
•Germans introduced
unrestricted submarine warfare
with U-Boats
•Germans warned the world
they would sink any ship they believed was carrying
contraband
to Great Britain.
German Submarine Force 1914–1918 1914 1915 1916
On hand Gains [
cla rification needed
]
24 10 29 52 54 108
Battle losses Other losses
5 19 8 22 7
Years
29 54 133
end
Total operational boats: 351 1917 133 87 63 15 142 1918 142 70 69 9??
134
U-Boats
Two types
•small subs
with a crew of 24
•larger subs
with a crew of 60
•44 by 1918 •By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied
ships.
Lusitania ad
•May 7, 1915, the Germans sunk the
Lusitania which was British passenger liner.
•Germans believed it was carrying
contraband (weapons)
to the British.
•Killed 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans. •U.S. and other countries outraged towards
Germany because of
“unrestricted submarine warfare”.
•US believed the Germans had violated
international law
of targeting civilians
Lusitania
•After the sinking of the Lusitania, public opinion of most Americans was to go to war with Germany.
•Germany promised not sink anymore ships unless warning they would them first and providing safety for civilians.
•BUT, President Wilson was able “keep us out of war” ….
X Sussex Sunk : led to Sussex Pledge in March 1916. Germany promised not to sink anymore ships.
Berlin, January 19, 1917
On the first of neutral February we intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfare . In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an
Texas, and Arizona.
settlement.... alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that
Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico,
The details are left to you for You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with
zimmerman notes
with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. Zimmerman (Secretary of State)
zimmerman notes
zimmerman code
zimmerman code
zimmerman cartoon