Transcript Merrell, K.W., Ervin, R. A., & Peacock, G. G. (2006

MERRELL, K.W., ERVIN, R. A., & PEACOCK, G. G.
(2006). SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY FOR THE 21ST
CENTURY: FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICES. NEW
YORK, NY: THE GUILFORD PRESS.
Chapters 1 and 4
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Field of School Psychology
Definitions of School Psychology
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Training in Education and
Psychology
School-based team
members
Ensure every child works
within a safe, healthy, and
supportive environment.
Conduct valid assessments
Intervene to promote
positive learning
experiences.
Areas of Mental Health

Private Practice Professional Psychology
Clinical Psychology (Ph.D. only)
 Counseling Psychology (Ph.D. only)
 School Psychology (Ph.D. for private practice)
 I/O Psychology (Ph.D. only in; only license eligible in some
states)


School-based Psychology
School Psychologists (M.S.?/Ed.S./Ph.D.)
 School Counselors (M.S./Ed.S./Ph.D.)
 School Social Workers (M.S./Ph.D.)
 Special Education Teachers (B.S./B.Ed./M.S./Ed.S./Ph.D.)

Required Minimum Qualifications
State
Title
Semester
Hours
Supervised Work
Hours
Restrictions
Alabama
Psychometrist
36
300
None in Schools
Wash D.C.
School Psychologist
42
500
None in Schools
Maryland
Psychometrist
45
500
Supervised
Michigan
Preliminary Sch Psychologist
45
600
Supervised
Mississippi
Psychometrist
M.S.
M.S.
Testing Only
Missouri
Sch Psychological Examiner
24
150
Testing Only
South Caro School Psychologist I
M.S.
M.S.
Unclear
Tennessee
Psychological Examiner
M.S.
300-400
Supervised
Texas
Diagnostician
36
300
Supervised
All Others
School Psychologist
60+
1200+
None in Schools
Shortage Issues
Locations/ Ideal
Population
Ratio
Alabama
4.7 million
1 to 4600
Georgia
9.8 million
1 to 2571
Tennessee
6.3 million
1 to 2534
18.5 million
1 to 1923
USA
-----
1 to 1653
NASP Recommendations
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1 to 1000
Florida
2 out of 3 school psychologists
predicted to retire by 2020
National and International
Organizations

American Psychological
Association
(www.apa.org)
Div 16: School Psych
 Div 5: Eval & Measure
 Div 7: Dev’t Psych
 Div 15: Educ. Psych
 Div 25: ABA
 Div 44: LGBT Issues
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National Association of
School Psychologists
(nasponline.org)
International School
Psych Associate
(ispaweb.org)
American Board of
Professional Psychology
(abpp.org)
State and Regional
Organizations
Describing School Psychologists
NASP Membership
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21,336 members
73% Female
~17% non-white
5,000 members are
students
National Estimates
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~ 25,000 – 30,000
nationwide
~87,000 worldwide
~6,000 students
nationwide
80% had undergrad
degrees in psychology
 20% had undergrads in
everything else

Discussion Posts Option


Choose one of the six
Vignettes on Pages 5 –
13 of the textbook.
Describe how these
resemble (and/or
don’t resemble) your
experiences and/or
expectations of the
field.
Chapter 4
Becoming a School Psychologist: Training and
Credentialing Issues
Ed.S. Degree
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60 graduate credits after the
Bachelor’s degree
NASP requires 1,200
internship hours.
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Supervised by Ed.S.-level
practitioner
2 hours per week of
supervision
Most train under the “scientistpractitioner model
May need to take Praxis II for
School Psychologists for
certification in addition to
training.
Training Domains: School Psychology
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Data-based decision making
Consultation
Effective instruction and
development of cognitive skills
Diversity
Systems and schools
Prevention, crisis intervention, &
mental health
Home/school/community collab.
Research and program eval.
Sch. psych. practice and dev’t
Information technology
Common Careers in School Psychology
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School Psychologist in the Schools
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Independent Practice in Psychology
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M.S. or Ed.S. in most states
University Setting as a Practitioner
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Ph.D., Ed.D., or Psy.D. in most states
Private Practice Assistant/ Tech/ Psychometrist
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Ed.S./ Ph.D. for most states
M.S., Ed.S., Ph.D.
University Setting as a Professor/ Trainer

Ph.D., Ed.D., or Psy.D. in most states
Who Credentials School Psychologists?

Within the Schools
 NASP
offers a national certification (NCSP): 21 states
take this for “instant certification.”
 States offer the credential to practice. These may be
governed by any one of the following:
 Boards
of Education
 Boards of Psychological Examiners
 State Department of Education

Outside of the Schools (usually Ph.D.s)
 Boards
of Psychological Examiners
Licensed Psychologist

Ph.D., Ed.D., or Psy.D. in one of the three (four?)
practitioner areas:
 School
Psychology
 Counseling Psychology
 Clinical Psychology
 I/O Psychology(?)
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2 years of internship (1 @ predoc and 1 @
postdoc) [this is in addition to any Ed.S. internships]
Passing score on the EPPP
Passing state exam (often jurisprudence)
Example:
State of Alabama: Psych Board
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In 2001, the Board of Psychological Examiners began subdoctoral certification for
“Psychological Technicians”
Representative from the Board of Psychological Examiners stated on 2011:
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No school psychologists have tried for Psychological Technician certification since 2001
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M.S.-level Psychologists can apply for Psychological Technician certification.
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M.S.-level School Psychometrists would most likely be denied.
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Ed.S.-level School Psychologists might qualify for the Psychological Technician certification.
Groups who do not require certification by the board to practice psychology:
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Students under Supervision:
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Practicum/ Internship as part of a university program
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If employed by state university (not contractors) colleges or schools OR other state /
federal agencies.
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VA is an exempt setting b/c of federal status (but requires licensure at some point).
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K-12 schools are exempt b/c of state status BUT they have their own cert board(s).
To Obtain the NCSP
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Completion of minimum of
60-semester hours in a
school psychology training
program.
Completion of 1200 hour
internship with a minimum
of 600 hours in a school
setting with appropriate
supervision.
Passing score on Praxis II
Continuing Professional Development
(CEUs)
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Doctoral and Ed.S.
certification often
requires CEUs
Licensure, NCSP, Board
Certification, and
State Certification
require CEUs to
maintain your
credential
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CEUs Can Come From
 Workshops
 Online
CEUs
 Conferences
 College Classes

Many require an
annual (or biennial)
ethics course.