Transcript What is Bullying? - bullyinterventionexperts
SAANYS 40 th Annual Conference Traveling the Road Ahead
Presented by: Karen Siris [email protected]
STATISTICS
39% of students reported that bullying, name calling, and harassment pose a serious problem at school.
66% reported that people at school were harassed at least “sometimes” because of their looks or body size, 57% reported that students were bullied or harassed “sometimes” because of the way they expressed their gender
(GLSEN, 2010)
50% of high school students (2010) admit they bullied someone in the past year 47% admit that they were bullied, teased or taunted in a way that seriously upset them in the past year (Josephson School of Ethics, 2010- 43,000 students surveyed)
Are Incidents Reported?
Adults are often unaware of bullying problems (Limber, 2002; Skiba & Fontanini, 2000)
60% of 10-17 year olds say they were victims of violence, abuse or crime but less than 30% told authorities
Bullying is….
an intentional act of aggression, based on an imbalance of power, that is meant to harm a victim either physically or psychologically.
usually occurs repeatedly and over time, however sometimes can be identified in a single event.
Harassment is the creation of a hostile environment by:
conduct, verbal threats, intimidation or abuse that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause a student to fear for their physical safety
conduct, verbal threats, intimidation or abuse includes but is not limited to conduct, verbal threats, intimidation or abuse based on a person's actual or perceived race, color, weight, national origin, ethnic group, religion, religious practice, disability, sexual orientation, gender or sex.
intimidation or abuse that has or would have the effect of unreasonably and substantially interfering with a student's educational performance, opportunities or benefits, or mental, emotional or physical well-being
PHYSICAL TYPES OF BULLYING BEHAVIORS
SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL/
Hitting, punching, tripping
Kicking, pushing, scratching
Damaging/stealing property VERBAL
Name calling, teasing, taunting
Making offensive remark RELATIONAL
Excluding or threatening to exclude
Spreading rumors, gossiping
Ostracizing, alienating
Using threatening looks or gestures
Extortion
Making discriminatory remarks
Verbally threatening, intimidating
CYBERBULLYING
Use of the internet or cell phone to harass and intimidate
The Players
THE BULLY
THE TARGET/VICTIM
THE BYSTANDER
Spotting “the bully
” Bully may possess a superior trait Attractive Athletic Sociable
Bully leads by intimidation Others follow to avoid becoming the next
Bully gains power by the amount of followers MORE FOLLOWERS = MORE POWER
Characteristics of Bullies
Lack Empathy
Display Verbally Aggressive Behavior
Display Physically Aggressive Behavior
Bullies have average levels of self esteem
Intimidate Classmates
Seek Power in Relationships
Provoke Fights
Long Term Effects on the Bully
Nearly 60 percent of boys who researchers classified as bullies in grades six through nine were convicted of at least one crime by the age of 24.
Even more dramatic, 40 percent of them had three or more convictions by age 24.
The Bully/Victim Cycle
Identification with the Aggressor
Victims who have been repeatedly bullied often have an increase in aggression
When they are put in a position of control or power they identify with the bully and do onto others what has been done to them
Thus the victim becomes the bully
Passive Victims
Social Anxiety Disorder
Lack Social Skills (socially awkward)
Pleasers
Compliant
Fear of Confrontation
Restless
Provocative Victims are:
Irritating to others
Seen teasing and don’t know when to stop
Likely to fight back, but lose
Emotional
Often diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder
Cyber Victims
Cyber victims reported higher rates of depression than cyber bullies or bully victims
Cyber victims may not be able to identify their harasser and are more likely to feel isolated, dehumanized or helpless at the time of the attack
Effects on the Victim
Anxiety
Loss of self-esteem into adulthood
Decrease in attention/grades
Decrease in attendance/involvement
Decreased socialization/increased isolation
Physical Symptoms: headaches, fatigue, stomach problems
Increase in acting out behavior
Suicide/Homicide
The Bystanders
DEFINTION: —those who watch bullying happen or hear about it.
Bystanders:
PASSIVELY accept bullying by watching and doing nothing
PROVIDE the audience a bully craves and the silent acceptance that allows bullies to continue their hurtful behavior
INSTIGATE the bullying by prodding the bully to begin
ENCOURAGE the bullying by laughing, cheering, or making comments that further stimulate the bully
Other bystanders
. . . directly intervene, by discouraging the bully, defending the victim, or redirecting the situation away from bullying.
. . . get help, by rallying support from peers to stand up against bullying or by reporting the bullying to adults.
Why don’t more bystanders intervene?
They fear getting hurt or fear retribution (becoming the next victim)
They feel powerless to stop the bully.
They don’t like the victim or believe the victim “deserves” it.
They think that telling adults won’t help or it may make things worse.
They don’t know what to do.
WHAT SCHOOLS CAN DO
Schools need to implement bullying prevention and intervention strategies that fit their school culture
Establish a district policy to prevents and intervenes in all forms of bullying, cyberbullying and harassment
WHAT SCHOOLS CAN DO
Commit to training all constituents of the school community in prevention and intervention strategies
Establish a bully intervention team (BIT) at the school building level to insure adherence to the district policy….
Positive Culture (what we do in schools) = Positive School Climate (how we feel in schools) All adults in school:
Display warmth, positive interest and involvement
talk to each other and students with respect and understanding
alert other staff members if they are displaying unacceptable behavior toward a student
Bully Intervention Team
Who: Principal, mental health professionals, guidance counselors, teachers, non-teaching staff (aides, bus drivers, custodians) What: Create a bully intervention plan that includes methods for prevention and intervention of all types of harassment
Bully Intervention Team:
Creates anti-bullying policy
Creates a reporting system that uses a “DECISION TREE” with specific plans of action when incidents are reported
Develops and publicizes hierarchal consequences for bullying behaviors
Develops intervention strategies and trains stakeholders
Reward pro-social behaviors that support the policy
Incident Interview
Who does the interview?
How will the interview be conducted?
When will the interview take place?
Where will the interview occur?
What form will be used?
Disciplinary Consequences/Supports
Consequences should be hierarchial… should correspond to severity of offense as well as repeated offenses
Restorative Justice strategies to rehabilitate the bully, support counseling for the target/victim
Can range from verbal warning all the way to suspension, alternate school placement, and if severe enough report to law enforcement
Therapeutic Discipline Strategies
Mental health evaluation by school staff
Mental health evaluation by outside agency Services:
School based counseling
Outside counseling
Out of district therapeutic placement
Establish Clear Consequences
for Failure to Report
...For personnel who do not report information regarding bullying and other threatening behaviors (similar to child abuse mandates)
Establish and enforce clear consequences for students who do not report information regarding bullying and other threats of violence.
Victim-Intervention
Give victims a VOICE
Teach victims to say NO!-verbally and with appropriate body language
Teach victims to travel with a buddy
Victim- Counseling
to change behaviors which increase the likelihood of being victimized
to reduce sensitivity
Provide assertiveness training groups
Involve parents appropriately.
Bully-Intervention
change the dynamics of power so that the bully is not overtly or covertly reinforced by the teacher, coach or other authority figures
identify the bully as having anti-social behaviors which will lead to trouble
listen to the bully and give him/her a point person to speak with whose role is to help the bully use their leadership skills in a positive manner, emphasizing cooperation, collaboration and equality.
develop empathy in bully
Bystander Intervention
“
The whole drama is supported by the bystander. The theater can’t take place if there’s no audience.” (Labi, N. “
Let Bullies Beware.”
Time online, March 25, 2001.) ENCOURAGE bystanders to:
Speak up to bullies if it is safe to do so
Band together as a group against bullies
Avoid joining in
Ask adults for help
Reach out as friends to isolated peers, be an ally, offer support
Continue to offer victim support at future time
Telling vs. Tattling
Tattling “When you tell on someone to get them in trouble.”
Telling - Reporting “When you are telling an adult because you are trying to keep yourself safe, someone else safe or keep the school safe.”
Parent Education
Parents will be taught to recognize the signs of bully and victim behaviors
Parents will be encouraged to model appropriate upstander behavior
Parents will be taught when and how to intervene
Parents will learn how to report incidents
Parents will learn how to support children who are being victimized by bullying and cyber bullying
Parents need to confront excuses and not accept the answer “just joking.”
All adults in school:
praise positive actions
maintain positive tone with students throughout the day
structure activities to minimize opportunities for exclusion
Establish a system of rewards that positively reinforces Pro-Social Behaviors
• • • •
Rewards should be given to those adults and students who truly and meaningfully achieve anti-bullying goals Reward bystanders for intervening or reporting bullying.
Reward teachers for establishing bully free classrooms.
Reward support staff for reporting appropriate information; i.e. as is done with tip lines.
Caring Majority Program
Invite older students to help create a CARING MAJORITY
Train students through workshop sessions
Create an “upstander” philosophy
“ambassadors” form teams and create their own grade level presentations
“ambassadors” take a mentoring role in the grade level they have chosen
Caring Majority becomes a part of the school culture and enhances a positive school climate.
Caring Majority Ambassadors
• • •
Seek the help of students to spread the word about the dangers of bullying - can be done at various ways at all levels
Caring Majority Ambassadors - Elementary
Caring Allies – Middle School
Natural Helpers – High School Training given by principal with support of social worker/psychologist Students train the classmates on the importance of inclusion, empathy and caring about each other On-going partnerships/mentoring established between older and younger students
Turning Bystanders into Upstanders
• • •
Help students understand the dynamics of bullying situations – 80% of students stand by and watch Train interested students in teaching the strategies of upstanding behaviors Help the students understand the power they have to make a difference – that THEY are the solution
Turning Bystanders into Upstanders
•
Insure that bystanders understand that adults will support their actions
•
Teach all children about the reporting system that is in place in your school
•
Reward “upstanding” behaviors and make them the norm.
Power
–
Factors in Bystander Intervention
when bystanders possess more power than bullies they are more likely to intervene directly position of authority (e.g. school staff) difference in age or strength
Safety
bystanders more likely to intervene when they feel they have back up support (other students, school personnel, law enforcement)
Social Acceptance
environments where speaking up is accepted and valued bystanders are more likely to intervene environments where bullies hold the power to determine acceptance or rejection DISCOURAGE bystanders from speaking up
Knowledge of Effective Actions
bystanders are more likely to intervene when they are trained in effective intervention strategies
How to Begin….
Develop an Action Research Model:
PROBLEM:
Too many of our students are coming to school unable to learn because they are consumed by the fear of being bullied/harassed on a daily basis.
QUESTION:
How can we create effective bullying prevention and intervention in our schools so that ALL children feel emotionally safe and able to learn?
ACTION PLAN
Choose a data collection plan for building
bully survey
climate survey interviews, questionnaires Review and Interpret Data Develop data- driven Intervention/Prevention Plan Implement intervention training for all constituents Create an effective reporting system Establish a hierarchy of consequences Continually re-assess the effectiveness of the plan (reflection action)