Transcript West Virginia Fecal Coliform TMDL Development Process

WVDEP TMDL Development
Nutrient Management Training
December 16, 2009
Dave Montali, WVDEP
TMDL
• “Total Maximum Daily Load” – How
much pollutant a stream can receive
and meet water quality standards
(pollution budget)
• TMDL development required by Clean
Water Act for all impaired streams
TMDL Definition
TMDL =  WLA + LA+ MOS
TMDLs include pollutant allocations to point
sources (called “wasteload allocations”) and
nonpoint sources (called “load allocations”),
and a margin of safety
TMDL Components
• Point sources - pollutant discharges that
enter a receiving water at a distinct
location; Have NPDES permit
• Nonpoint source - discharges result
from precipitation and runoff and enter a
receiving water at diffuse locations; No
discharge permit required
• Some stormwater sources are now point
sources ex. CAFO, MS4, Construction SGP
What’s an impaired stream?
• Stream that doesn’t meet water quality
standards
• West Virginia Water Quality Standards are
•
codified at 47 CSR 2
Standards include designated uses for WV
waters,water quality criteria to protect
those uses, and an antidegradation policy
Navigate to:
http://www.wvdep.org/item.cfm?ssi
d=11&ss1id=747
Warning – not all “approved for
Clean Water Act purposes” Need
EPA approval
Water Quality Criteria
Numeric
(Appendix E)
Narrative
(Section 3)
Criteria Examples
• Numeric - Iron
– Warmwater Aquatic Life use - 4-day average
concentration not to exceed 1.5 mg/l more than
once every three years
– Troutwater Aquatic Life use - 4-day average
concentration not to exceed 0.5 mg/l more than
once every three years
• Narrative – Biological Impairment
– Conditions Not Allowable in State Waters
– (46 CSR 1-3.2i) “.....no significant adverse impact
to the chemical, physical, hydrologic or biological
components of aquatic ecosystems shall be
allowed.”
Troutwater
Warmwater fishery
Water Contact
Recreation
Public Water Supply
Biological Impairment
• Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assessment
• West Virginia Stream Condition Index
(WVSCI)
• Streams with WVSCI scores < 60.6 are
considered biologically impaired
• TMDL process includes a “Stressor ID”
preliminary step to identify the pollutant(s)
causing impairment
• TMDL then developed for causative stressor
Impaired waters are
placed 303(d) list
West Virginia
2008 Integrated Report
Navigate to:
http://www.wvdep.org/item.cfm?ssid=11&ss1id=720
West Virginia TMDL History
• TMDL development required by Clean
Water Act for all impaired streams
• If State doesn’t develop TMDLs, EPA must
• WV couldn’t (resources), EPA didn’t
• EPA was sued in 1995, settled suit by
entering into consent decree with
plaintiffs, and began developing WV
TMDLs
West Virginia TMDL History
• TMDL Stakeholder Committee (1999-2001)
– 22 members; balanced membership between
extractive and manufacturing industry, environmental
advocates, agriculture, forestry, state and federal
government, sportsmen associations, municipalities
– Recommended WVDEP development of TMDLs
– 37 specific recommendations for 303(d) list and TMDL
development
– Supported General Revenue funding for WVDEP
• DEP became funded to develop TMDLs
WVDEP Process Highlights
• Synchronized with WV
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Watershed Management
Framework
48 month process (Stream
selection– EPA approval)
Multiple opportunities for
public outreach/stakeholder
input
Pre-TMDL wq monitoring
Source id and characterization
Watershed Management
Framework
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32 watersheds (8-digit HUC)
5 Hydrologic Groups (A – E)
5 YR Cycle
Water Quality monitoring, NPDES Permit
reissuance and nonpoint source project
funding synchronized
TMDL development synchronized
WVDEP TMDL Process
• Stream Selection
• Pre-TMDL monitoring, source identification
and characterization
• Contract to model water quality and
hydrology
• Report development
• Finalization
Stream Selection Considerations
• 303(d) waters; other potentially
impaired waters
• Budget
• EPA consent decree
• Efficiency - focus geographically and
address all impairments
• Statewide distribution of TMDLs
Pre-TMDL Monitoring Plan
• Goal – to generate robust/recent data to:
– Make accurate impairment assessments
– Calibrate watershed models
– Quantify the impacts of significant pollutant
sources
• $200-300 k /yr analytical costs
• 250 - 400 + monitoring stations/yr
Source Tracking
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Abandoned Mine Lands
Limits of POTW collection systems
AFOs, Livestock counts
Riparian zone condition
Unmapped road density
Qualitative assessment of sediment sources
Active Mining Point Source Info
AMD Work Summary
Upper
Lower
Kanawha Kanawha
Coal
Gauley
NB
Totals
Potomac
Mine Seeps &
Discharges
150
23
58
51
17
299
Total Q
(mgd)
13
0.5
7
2
1
23.5
T. Fe Load
(lbs/day)
2,160
330
580
33
81
3,184
T. Al Load
(lbs/day)
1,100
125
350
15
42
1,632
Modeling
• Configure and calibrate water quality
model
• Model water quality at “base condition”
– Design precipitation period
– Nonpoint sources as existing
– Point sources at permit limits
• Reduce pollutant loadings from sources,
iteratively, until model predicts standards
are met
Water Quality Criteria
TMDL Target (WQ Criteria & 5% MOS)
Baseline Condition
TMDL Condition
2.25
2
Iron, Total (mg/L)
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0
50
100
150
200
Simulation Period
(Days)
250
300
350
Public Input
Opportunities
Stream Selection PN
TMDL 101 &
Monitoring Plan
Allocation
Philosophy
Draft TMDL Public Notice, Meeting, Comment
WVDEP TMDLs (2004 – 2008)
2004 TMDLs
Upper Kanawha,
Upper Ohio North
2008 TMDLs
Dunkard, Twelvepole,
Yough, Upper Ohio South
2005 TMDLs
Coal, NB
Potomac,
Lower Kanawha
2006 TMDLs
Gauley, Potomac
Direct Drains
2007 TMDLs
New, Greenbrier,
James, L.Kan
http://www.wvdep.org/item.cfm?ssid=11&ss1id=930
WVDEP TMDLs (2009 – 2012)
• 2009 (A2) “Cheat Redo” - mainstem and tribs
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minus Shavers and Dry Fork watersheds
2010 (B2) - Elk tribs Sutton to mouth, Lower
Kanawha tribs Elk to mouth, Patterson and New
Creeks and tribs
2011 (C2) – Mid Ohio North and South
watersheds (not the Ohio River)
2012 (D2) – Mon tribs Fairmont to wv/pa line
TMDL presentation
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Main Report - all waters / all impairments
Subwatershed Appendices – more detail
Filterable allocation spreadsheets
ArcExplorer software and project
Arcview shapefiles
Technical Report
EPA approval
All on CD