Transcript Bild 1 - European Centre for the Development of Vocational

Country Case: Sweden
Workshop 1. Multicultural
counseling competences acquired
through guidance counselor
training
Fredrik Hertzberg & Åsa Sundelin, Department of
education, Stockholm university
Thessaloniki, Greece, September 29th, 2011
The purpose of the presentation
The purpose of this presentation is to give an
overview of reserach in Sweden which focus on the
professional considerations of career counselors in
multiethnic, and deals with the ethical and political
considerations that may have implications for
prevailing guidance practices.
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Disposition
• A presentation of the ongoing project ”Counseling
between recognition, justice and difference. A
qualitative study of career counseling of youth with
immigrant background”, sponsored by the Swedish
Research Council.
• Fredrik Hertzberg, Petra Roll Bennett & Åsa Sundelin
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference
• In this project, our aim is to study the approaches of
career counselers in Swedish primary and secondary
education to youth of immigrant descent, with a focus
on how they manage issues which are specific to
them adn related to the transition from school to
work (or further education).
• We also interested the scope given to the different
orientations towards work, education and the future,
which is expressed by those young persons.
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (2)
• The keywords in title relates to three different
perspectives and theoretical orientations. It covers
three different aspects of multicultural counseling,
which always needs to be addressed.
• Recognition: concerning the disposition or will
recognize the different approaches to work, even if
they deviate from the norm, i.e. the most common
and acknowledged approaches. (Theories on justice
and recognition in multiculturalism; Kymlycka,
Walzer, etc.)
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (3)
• Justice: concerning the strategies to create equal
opportunities for all, on the threshold to the labour
market and life as an adult citizen (conceptions of
justice, but also and the regulative use of “fairness”;
Callinicos; Durkheim, Dewey, Foucault)
• Difference: concerning the tendency to produce or
reproduce ethnic or racial stereotypes or prejudices,
and the propensity to over-emphasize the importance
of cultural traits related to ethnicity and religion.
(Theories of ethnicity and post-colonialism; Eriksen,
Jenkins, Gilroy, etc.)
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (4)
• In sum, the aim could be reformulated in the
following phrasing: we aim to study the ways in
which the objectives of justice and recognition
are balances to each other, during the process of
educational and vocational choosing, and in
which ways ethnic identity and migrantship is
supposed to have significance for this process.
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (5)
• Three studies
1. The institutional, economical and discursive
frameworks of counseling for migrant youth
(Hertzberg)
2. The interaction between the counselor and the
counselee (Sundelin)
3. The relation between the parents and the counseling
activities at school (and the parents’ apprehension of
future career possibilities for their children in Sweden;
Roll Bennett)
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (6)
Three studies:
1. Interviews with counselors, teachers headmasters,
senior officers at the municipality, local politicians;
documents
2. Recordings from counseling sessions, interviews with
counselors
3. Interviews with parents and children
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (7)
The first study: the institutional, economical and discursive
frameworks of counseling for migrant youth
• Which professional considerations governs the counseling
activities? Which experiences guides attention and practice?
Which norms and values are influent? Which notions are
central as interpretative tools?
• Target: professional considerations at governing level and
practice level
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (7)
• The second study: The counseling process Interaction in the counseling dialogue
– Develop knowledge and understanding about
multicultural counseling
– Explore intercultural counseling dialogues through
exposing, illustrating and explaining dialogue
processes in relation to the context of the dialogue
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (8)
• Counselor and student with foreign background
(upper secondary school and secondary school)
• What takes place in the dialogue: What are the
actions and reactions – counselor and student
• Learning perspective on ”how” and ”what” in the
dialogue:
– The role of understanding
– ”Broadening perspectives”
– Content
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (9)
• The third study - interviews with parents focus on
following issues:
– Parents own experiences of education/career, both in their
native country of origin and in Sweden.
– Parents ideas about children’s possibilities/limitations in
future life.
– Parents views of their own influence on children’s
education/future career.
– Parents views about their possibilities/limitations to take
part in/influence school and career counselling.
•
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (10)
We know, from earlier research (Hertzberg 2003, 2008; Sawyer
2006), that there is a tendency to focus on ethnic belonging and
culturally derived values and norms, and downplaying the
significance of individual deliberation, when describing the
agency of youth of migrant descent (as the ”oversocialized
individuals” described by C Wright Mills and the
ethnomethodologists – respectively - in their critique of
Parsonian sociology)
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (11)
Still, those earlier studies have a tendency to overemphasize tropes
employed in discursive expressions during interviews, and the
ongoing language-play (for instance the contrasting of social
categories), not fully regarding other conditions for the articulation
of discourse, such as professional considerations (”counseling
competence”) and institutional frameworks – i.e. the social world to
which discourses refers. Thus, a more exhaustive contextualization
of empirical material from interviews is needed.
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Counseling between recognition,
justice and difference (12)
Thus, we want to gain further knowledge of …
•
Opinions on the relevance of ethnicity and migration to counseling
•
the frames of interpretations employed when considering the future
possibilities (at school, work and elsewhere) of migrant youth
•
Ways to balance the objectives of recognition and justice in a
professional context
•
In short: the process of professional sense-making
•
The negotiation between parents and school about the content and the
direction in strategies for the future
•
The possibility of recognition of perspectives to work and education
which differs from taken-for-granted norms or ideals
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/
Interested in cooperation? Sharing
ideas and knowledge?
Please contact us!
Fredrik Hertzberg ([email protected])
Petra Roll Bennett ([email protected]).
Åsa Sundelin ([email protected])
Hertzberg & Sundelin Thessaloniki Sept 2011/