Transcript PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

A contrastive study of the two languages in
terms of form
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English and Chinese are quite different grammatically.
For example, English has definite and indefinite articles,
which are absent in Chinese. Chinese has plenty of
measure words, which are seldom found in English.
Chinese is characterized by parataxis while English is
featured by hypo-taxis. Therefore, Chinese sentences are
not often connected by coordinating or subordinating
conjunctions. In contrast, English sentences are normally
well connected by such cohesive devices as coordinators
and subordinators and other devices. The Chinese
language boasts quite a number of sentences without
subjects, while English sentences normally have their own
subjects.
从形式角度省略词语
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省略英语冠词
省略原文连词
省略英语介词
省略英语代词
省略引导词和关系代词
省略句中的省略
为了修辞效果而省略词语
省略原文某些修辞成分
省略英语冠词
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英译汉时，英语冠词在许多情况下不必翻译。例如：
Is the president of the United States a Republican?
美国总统是共和党党员吗？（不可译作“这美国的这总统是一名共和党党员
吗？”）
The latest monthly figures show a growing surplus in China's overseas trade.
最新的月度统计数字表明中国外贸顺差进一步增长。
The fox may grow gray, but never good.
狐狸会变老，但是不会变好。
英语冠词翻译成汉语时，一般省略不译。但值得注意的是，如果英语不定冠词表
达“一”这个意思，则不能省略。例如：
Rome wasn't built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的。
I have two brothers and a sister.
我有两个兄弟，一个姊妹。
省略原文并列连词
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You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside.
你最好把毛衣穿上，外面相当冷。
One more step and you are a dead man.
再走一步，你就死定了。
The camera work is perfect and the cast is good.
电影拍摄好极了，演员也很棒。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag
behind.
谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
当然，上述四句的并列连词表示的逻辑意义也可翻译出来，但是省略这
些并列连词，译文更好，更加符合汉语习惯。
省略原文从属连词
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英语各类状语从句都必须由从属连词引导，汉语各类状语分句则不一定，所以，
英语状语从句翻译为汉语时，其从属连词通常省略。此外，汉语的关联词往往成
对出现，如“因为……所以”，“虽然……但是”，译成英语时要省略其中一个。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了, 春天还会远吗？
If I had known this beforehand, I would not have gone back.
早知如此，我就不回去了。
While there is life, there is hope.
有生命就有希望。
When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things.
一个十八岁的姑娘离家出门，她的遭遇不外乎两种。
I stepped aside so that he could go in.
我让到一旁让他进去。
他们虽然取得了辉煌成就，但是不骄傲自满，还在继续努力。
Although they have achieved brilliant success, they are still working hard
instead of being conceited.
因为他的公寓在一座大城镇里，所以他没有属于自己的花园。
As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own.
省略英语介词
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表示时间的介词常常省略
I left this city on the afternoon of July the 6th.
七月六号下午我离开了这座城市。
On the early morning of the 10th, there was a big fire her.
十日清晨，这里发生了一场大火灾。
These are our chief tasks at the present stage.
这些就是我们现阶段的主要任务。
“In that case, sir, Adele ought to go to school; I am sure
you will perceive the necessity of it.”
“那样的话，先生，阿黛勒该上学了。我想你肯定会意识到
这样做是必要的。”
省略英语介词
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表示地点的介词有时省略
He was born in a small town in southern Germany.
他出生在德国南部的一个小镇。
The post office is at the fourth intersection from here.
邮局在从这里数起的第四个十字路口。
Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.
大街小巷早就传遍了各种流言蜚语。
但表地点的介词在谓语动词后面往往不可省略。例如：
She hid behind the door.
她躲在门背后。
省略英语介词
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表其他意义的介词的省略
In the excessive competition among enterprises, the losers can hardly
be eliminated, and the allocation of the resources can hardly be
optimized.
企业过度竞争，失败者难以被淘汰，资源难以实现优化配置。
Our institute employed an English teacher. He looked very strange ––
red-faced, golden-haired, with a thick growth of whiskers that reached
all the way to the nose.
学院请来一位洋教师，长得挺怪–––– 红脸、金发、连鬓胡子欣欣向荣，
郁郁葱葱，挨近鼻子了。
The happiness of having such a sister was their first effusion, and the
fair ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy.
她们首先倾吐了要做姑嫂的喜悦，两位小姐欢欢喜喜地一次次拥抱，洒
下了欣喜的泪花。
上述三句的译文的译者灵活地处理了原文的介词短语，将有关介词省略
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省略英语代词
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省略用作主语的人称代词
Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of
bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and she
couldn‘t possibly throw it away.
这时劳拉宁愿手里没有这块涂上黄油的面包，拿着又没有地
方放，又不可能扔掉。
If I were her, I would take the advice.
我要是她，就接受这个建议。
We Chinese can understand this feeling.
中国人能理解这种感情。
They don't make decent furniture nowadays.
现今做不出像样的家具。
省略英语代词
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省略作宾语的代词
The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed
them.
他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露。
If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words
如果你读过这些故事，就用自己的话讲出来。
Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.
冰是固体。如果加热，冰就会融化成水。
If you study English very hard and practise it constantly,
you will be able to use it freely.
如果你努力学习英语，并经常练习不断实践，你就能应用
自如。
省略英语代词
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省略物主代词
He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他将双手放进衣袋里，然后耸了耸肩膀。
For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room,
its electric wiring, its path and its garden.
两个星期以来，他一直注意观察房屋的情况，查看各个房间、留心电线
的走向以及通道和花园的布局。
One guy goes to a doctor and says, “Doctor, my wife has recently lost
her voice. What should I do to help her get it back?” The doctor replies,
“Try to come home at 3 in the morning!”
有个人去看医生，问道：“医生，我老婆最近失声，我该怎么帮她恢复
声音？”
医生回答：“设法凌晨3点回家！”
省略英语代词
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省略作形式主语或形式宾语的it, 非人称it和强势句中的it
It is quite possible that there is life out there in the universe.在外层宇宙
空间有生物是非常可能的。
However it is our common desire, the common wish of our two
governments, to see them increasingly developed. 然而，我们的共同
愿望，即我们两国政府的共同愿望，还是要进一步发展和扩大交流。
Arabs consider it bad manners to start talking business immediately.阿
拉伯人认为立即就开始谈正事是一种不礼貌的做法。
We think it a pity that a man like him should not work harder.像他那样
的人，不更加努力工作，我们觉得可惜。
It was raining cats and dogs outside. 外面大雨倾盆。
It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important
our eyes are.只有当我们看不清楚时，我们才知道眼睛是多么重要。
省略引导词和关系代词
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英语中引导主语从句、宾语从句和同谓语从句的引导词that在
英译汉时必须省略。用来引导限制性定语的关系代词在译文中
亦通常省略。比如：
He said that the release of the men gave the green light to
terrorism. 他说，释放这些人就是给恐怖主义分子开绿灯。
We demanded a guarantee that no similar incident would
occur again.我们要求保证不再发生类似事件。
The plan gives the government a useful tool with which to
allocate resources optimally.
这项计划为政府优化资源配置提供了有效手段。
There was a hooker who met an old man, and said,“Give me
twenty dollars. I’ll do anything you want.” “Okay,” he said,
taking out a twenty-dollar bill. “Paint my house”.
有一个妓女遇到一位老人，并对他说：“给我20美元，我愿做
任何你想要的事。”
“好啊，”他掏出一张20美元的纸钞，
说道：“油漆我的屋子。”
省略句中的省略
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中文和英文的省略句并不完全相同。汉译英时要省
略汉语省略句的某些词语。比如：
我把名字写在线上，还是线的上方或下方呢？
Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?
我失骄阳君失柳。I lost my proud poplar, and you
(lost) your willow.
他没去，我也没去。He did not go, nor did I.
进来看看怎么样？——好啊，我很想看看。Would
you come in and have a look? —— Yes, I'd like to.
为了修辞效果而省略词语
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英文有异叙（syllepsis）的修辞手段，即用一个词同时与两个或以上的
词语搭配。汉译英时将两个不同的搭配省略为一个词搭配两个词，可以
取得这样的修辞效果。如：
他们有时议议政，有时品品茶。They sometimes take counsel and
sometimes tea.
新当选的领导宣誓后就坐下了。The newly elected leader took the oath
and his seat.
他既发了脾气又掉了帽子。He lost his temper and his hat.
院长要求我们保持我们公共形象的完整性，让学生都坐在座位上不动。
The dean of our college advised us to keep our public image intact and
our students in their seats.
省略原文某些修辞成分
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中文句子还常常用叠词，有时我们无法将同一意思并列反复表达，这时需要省略
词语。中文和英文的拟声词并不完全对应，有时也习惯上省略词语。各种非生物
的声音在英语中通常由专词表达，而在汉语中却往往被简单笼统地加以表达。例
如：
这时天空黑云密布，阴阴沉沉，和下午三、四点钟的时候大不一样。The sky is
now overcast and sullen, so changed from the early afternoon.
这里那里，螺号阵阵，渔歌声声，近近远远，红旗飘飘，白帆点点，好一派动
人的渔乐图啊！ What an exciting scene of jubilance! The fishermen's conches
are trumpeting, their songs ringing, red flags fluttering here and there, and
white sails dotting the sea far and near.
They heard the muffled booming of artillery from afar.他们听见远处大炮隐隐约
约地响着。
The squeaking of the radio was disturbing everybody. 收音机的响声在扰乱大家。