Transcript By the end of this session I should be able to:

By the end of this session I should be able to:
(e) distinguish between the terms conservation and preservation
(HSW6a, 6b); (This was covered at the end of the last session!!)
(f) explain how the management of an ecosystem can provide
resources in a sustainable way, with reference to timber
production in a temperate country;
(g) explain that conservation is a dynamic process involving
management and reclamation;
(h) discuss the economic, social and ethical reasons for
conservation of biological resources (HSW6b, 7c);
(i) outline, with examples, the effects of human activities on the
animal and plant populations in the Galapagos Islands (HSW6b).
Discussion pairs (2 minutes  4 marks)
Distinguish between the terms
preservation and conservation with an
explain example.
Ethical
Reasons for
conservation
Social
Economic
Reason
Social
Ethical
Economic
Outline term Why is it important?
Examples of
In-situ &
Ex-situ
Pollarding
Key term and linking to
sustainability
Key Term
Sustainable
Coppicing
Coppicing with standards
Rotational coppicing
Pollarding
Definition
Effect on
sustainability
n/a
Conservation & management of
heathland
g) explain that conservation is a dynamic process
involving management and reclamation;
While watching the clip answer the following
questions:
1. Why is it essential to manage heathland? (2
marks)
2. List the techniques used when managing the
heathland (3 marks)
3. For each of the techniques outline how it aids
the conservation of the heathland (3 marks)
Answer the questions on the back of this sheet
The Galapagos Islands
Many of the organisms of the Galapagos are...
Human Impact
• While this unforgiving and
uncontrollable force of nature has had
a destructive impact on the Galapagos,
many of the environmental issues
facing the Galapagos originate from a
potentially controllable source 
human beings.
• The presence of people in the Islands
has two sources:
1. migration from the mainland
2.and tourism.
Migration
• The Galapagos population has increased over
300% in the past few decades.
• The 1990 census marks the population at
9,735.
• Today, more than 25,000 people live on the
Islands.
• The population is doubling every eleven years,
which means that there will be 40,000 people
on the Galapagos Islands by 2014.
• Aside from the pressure put on the natural
resources, most of the garbage is dumped in
an open air site and burned with no sort of
treatment or separation.
Tourism
• For decades, tourists have marvelled at
the rich flora and fauna of the Galapagos.
• Despite the high prices, the stream of
visitors has never broke off.
• In the sixties, there have been about
1,000 tourists per year, whereas there
have been approximately 80,000 visitors in
2001.
• A second airport was built and the
construction of a third one is under
discussion.
Over-fishing
• Recently, overfishing or illegal fishing has become a large issue.
• When migrants do not find work in tourism, they often find jobs
in the fishing industry.
• The sea cucumber and sharks of the Galapagos have become
alarming targets, both popular in Asian markets for their
aphrodisiac or medicinal qualities. SO WHAT DO WE DO??
• National Park service banned all fishing of sea cucumbers in the
Galapagos.
• Fishermen were not filled with enthusiasm.
• Angry fishermen besieged the Charles Darwin Station and
demanded the right to use greater nets and longer lines.
• The seizure ended with an agreement signed between César
Narváez (Ecuador's Minister of the Environment), and the
artisenal fishermen.
• The conflict, however, is far from over.
Introduced Species
• After all, humans did not arrive alone to
the Islands.
• Since the times of the first inhabitants,
non-native species have been introduced to
the Galapagos Islands, often with drastic
consequences.
• Many of the species introduced like rats,
dogs, cats, and goats, are not rare or
deadly in themselves, but when placed on
fragile Islands where life took years to
adapt, have caused dramatic effects.
Examples
• Four goats were introduced to the
Santiago Islands in the early 1800's, went
rampant and one estimate calculated that
their population had grown to nearly
100,000.
• Due to their constitution and ability to
feed on nearly any plant, goats alone may
be responsible for the local extinction of
up to 4 or 5 species of vegetation and also
they compete with the Galapagos tortoise
for their food source.
Examples continued..
• A newly introduced wasp species has
been sited on the Islands, and may be
responsible for a declining number of
caterpillar larvae, a food source for
finches.
Lonesome George in the Galapagos