The Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 1 Section 2

Section 2 Reading Focus

• • • Which artists brought the Renaissance to northern Europe?

What themes did humanist thinkers and other writers explore?

What impact did the printing revolution have on Europe

Chapter 1 Section 2 Vocabulary

• • • Engraving-art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid.

Vernacular-everyday language of ordinary people Utopian- ideal society

Italy as center of ancient Roman empire Survival of Italian city states through the Middle Ages Italian merchants become patrons of the arts The Renaissance Humanism

• Study of classics • Study of worldly subjects • Influential Humanist: Francesco Petrarch

Golden Age of the Arts

• Learned from classical art • Use of perspective • Renowned Artists: Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Sofonisba Anguissola • Important Writers: Castiglione, Machiavelli

Northern Renaissance

• Artists: Durer, Bruegel, Rubens • Humanists: Erasmus, More • Writers: Rabelais, Shakespeare, Cervantes

• • • •

S E C T I O N 2 The Renaissance Moves North

Because the Black Death delayed recovery in northern Europe for nearly 100 years, the northern Renaissance did not begin until the 1400s.

Like Italian humanists, northern European humanist scholars stressed education and a revival of classical learning. At the same time, however, they emphasized religious themes.

The northern Renaissance produced several towering figures of literature, including Rabelais in France, Shakespeare in England, and Cervantes in Spain.

The printing revolution, which began with the printing of the Gutenberg Bible in 1456, made a broad range of knowledge available to large numbers of people and influenced both religious and secular thought.

Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• • • A “German Leonardo” Albrecht Durer- Studied under the Italian Masters Engraving- Used for making prints of his art. Acid etched into metal.

Essays- Helped to spread Renaissance ideas.

Albrecht Durer

Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• • Flemish Painters Jan and Hubert van Eyck- Developed oil paint, Began using strong colors.

Painted townspeople and religious scenes in realistic detail

Jan and Hubert van Eyck

Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• Flemish Painters Pieter Bruegel- used bright colors to paint peasant lives.

Started the movement of painting scenes of daily life instead of religious and classical themes

Pieter Bruegel

Northern Humanists

• Erasmus Created a new Greek edition of the New Testament.

Translated the bible into new vernaculars. This helped the people who were uneducated.

Northern Humanists

• Erasmus People need to be open-minded and care for others Wrote

The Praise of Folly

exposing the corruption of the church and clergy

Northern Humanists

• Thomas More Wrote

Utopia

in which he describes what an ideal society should be.

Men and Women live in peace and harmony- No one is idle and all are educated.

Writers for a New Audience

• Rabelais French humanist- Monk, physician, Greek scholar, and author.

Wrote

Gargantua and Pantagruel-

Used the book as a way to give his opinion on religion, education and related topics

Writers for a New Audience

• Shakespeare Wrote 37 plays between 1590 and 1613.

Comedies, historical and tragedies were the style of Shakespeare’s writing.

He added over 1700 words to the English language.

Writers for a New Audience

• Cervantes Spanish writer best known for

Don Quixote.

Entertaining tales that mock romantic notions of chivalry.

The Printing Revolution

• Johann Gutenberg- Germany 200 copies of the bible – printing press Developed printing press independently of Asian presses.

Printed material distributed to masses.

• wealthy Florentine merchants, offers an example of how Renaissance artists began to branch out and center their works around secular subjects. Note in the painting how the faces are distinct from one another and portray realistic emotions. In addition, the use of light and shadow —as evidenced by the folds in the robes and the contrast of the darker figures against the lighter background — gives the image depth