Transcript Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation
Renaissance and Reformation
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Valois
Tudor
Madrid
Toledo
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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The Lancastrian
The Sforza
The Medici
The Borgia
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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On the Dignity of Man
The Birth of Venus
The Prince
Utopia
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Hernán Cortéz
Vasco da Gama
Cosimo de Medici
Jean Cartier
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Duchy of Savoy
Republic of Florence
Granada
Sardinia
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Valois
Tudor
Madrid
Toledo
• Madrid is a city in Spain. The rest are
“ruling families” or dynasties in Europe.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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The Lancastrian
The Sforza
The Medici
The Borgia
• The Lancastrian is a “dynasty” of Europe.
The rest are “ruling families” of the Italian
city-states.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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On the Dignity of Man
The Birth of Venus
The Prince
Utopia
• The “Birth of Venus” is an art piece. The
rest are books written during the
Renaissance.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Hernán Cortéz
Vasco da Gama
Cosimo de Medici
Jean Cartier
• Cosimo was a Pope and from the ruling
Medici family. The rest were global
explorers.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Duchy of Savoy
Republic of Florence
Granada
Sardinia
• Granada is a city in Spain. The rest are
“city-states” in Italy.
• Which man was NOT a distinguished
painter of the Renaissance?
– Sandro Botticelli
– Raphael Sanzio
– Guillaume Dufay
– Jan Van Eyck
2. Which statement about humanism is FALSE?
– Humanism studied and supported the liberal arts, or
the humanities
– Humanists used painstaking logic and abstract
language in their discourses.
– Humanists were a heterogeneous group, although
they were overwhelming wellborn.
– Most humanists did not consider their study of ancient
cultures to be in conflict with the Christian faith
3.Which of the following was NOT
determined by wealth and class?
– family structure
– the pattern of marriage
– the pattern of childbearing
– religious commitment
4.What was the Treaty of Lodi (1454)?
– It settled the Hundred’s Year War.
– It established a complex balance of power
among the major Italian states,
settling decades of war.
– It reconfirmed peace following the Ottoman
invasion of Constantinople
– It reestablished French control over Burgundy
5. What was the dilemma faced by Italian widows?
– They had a choice between the autonomy that came
with living alone and the guarantee of security that
came with moving back into their father’s house with
their children
– Because children belonged to their father’s family,
widows had to decide whether to remain single and
keep their children or to remarry and lose custody of
the children from their first marriage.
– They were left to choose a new husband who would
be good to their first husband’s children
– They could take over their husbands business and
have less time with their children or contact their
work out to a man to have more time for mothering
6.What percentage of Florence’s wealth did
the richest 1% of its households own?
– more than 15%
– more than 25%
– more than 40%
– more than 75%
7.Typically, what was the age difference
between northern European spouses?
– Husbands and wives were about the same
age.
– Husbands were significantly older than their
wives.
– Wives were significantly older than their
husbands
– Contemporary records are inadequate to
make a determination.
8.What was the highest praise attributed to a
Renaissance artist?
– To be blessed with “inspiration from God”
– To be described as an “imitator of nature”
– To be praised as an “artistic genius”
– To have possession of a “brilliant eye and
talented hand”
9.What was the source of power of the
Medici Family?
– It headed the largest bank in Europe
– It dominated the top political offices in
Florence
– It commanded a formidable personal army
– The family related by marriage to almost all
major European royal houses of the day
10. Which two dynasties fought for
dominance of Europe in the Sixteenth
Century?
– The Valois and the Habsburg
– The York and Lancastrian
– The Tudor and the Anjou
– The Burgundian and Castilian
• Which man was NOT a distinguished
painter of the Renaissance?
– Sandro Botticelli
– Raphael Sanzio
– Guillaume Dufay
– Jan Van Eyck
2. Which statement about humanism is FALSE?
– Humanism studied and supported the liberal arts, or
the humanities
– Humanists used painstaking logic and abstract
language in their discourses.
– Humanists were a heterogeneous group, although
they were overwhelming wellborn.
– Most humanists did not consider their study of ancient
cultures to be in conflict with the Christian faith
3.Which of the following was NOT
determined by wealth and class?
– family structure
– the pattern of marriage
– the pattern of childbearing
– religious commitment
4.What was the Treaty of Lodi (1454)?
– It settled the Hundred’s Year War.
– It established a complex balance of power
among the major Italian states,
settling decades of war.
– It reconfirmed peace following the Ottoman
invasion of Constantinople
– It reestablished French control over Burgundy
5. What was the dilemma faced by Italian widows?
– They had a choice between the autonomy that came
with living alone and the guarantee of security that
came with moving back into their father’s house with
their children
– Because children belonged to their father’s family,
widows had to decide whether to remain single and
keep their children or to remarry and lose custody of
the children from their first marriage.
– They were left to choose a new husband who would
be good to their first husband’s children
– They could take over their husbands business and
have less time with their children or contact their
work out to a man to have more time for mothering
6.What percentage of Florence’s wealth did
the richest 1% of its households own?
– more than 15%
– more than 25%
– more than 40%
– more than 75%
7.Typically, what was the age difference
between northern European spouses?
– Husbands and wives were about the same
age.
– Husbands were significantly older than their
wives.
– Wives were significantly older than their
husbands
– Contemporary records are inadequate to
make a determination.
8.What was the highest praise attributed to a
Renaissance artist?
– To be blessed with “inspiration from God”
– To be described as an “imitator of nature”
– To be praised as an “artistic genius”
– To have possession of a “brilliant eye and
talented hand”
9.What was the source of power of the
Medici Family?
– It headed the largest bank in Europe
– It dominated the top political offices in
Florence
– It commanded a formidable personal army
– The family related by marriage to almost all
major European royal houses of the day
10. Which two dynasties fought for
dominance of Europe in the Sixteenth
Century?
– The Valois and the Habsburg
– The York and Lancastrian
– The Tudor and the Anjou
– The Burgundian and Castilian
Renaissance and Reformation
“Main Themes”
• Humanism
– Rediscovery of Greek and Roman writing and philosophy. “Christian
Humanists” tried to equate “God” with these terms
• Revolution in Art
– New techniques in art, architecture, sculpture, and music. Individual
talents were praised and recognized, and often, patronized. Artists
emerged from “artisans” to “rare men of genius” and enjoyed a great
degree of independence and autonomy.
• Social Hierarchies
– “Little People” made up 60%, “Fat People” at 30%. Women were
relegated to domestic service, high birthrates, and early marriages. Men
outnumbered women, particularly in the South. Middle- and upper-class
families could hire wet nurses, but most couldn’t afford this service. High
number of “foundlings” and orphans. Unwed mothers were heavily
looked down upon. Governments “regulated” brothels.
Renaissance and Reformation
“Main Themes”
4.Politics
– Remember Machiavelli’s The Prince. Alliances
formed, and broken. Treaty of Lodi very important!
Florence, Venice, Milan, and Naples make up the
biggest “players” (Milan being the “leader” in
“diplomacy”)
5.Monarchies and Dynasties
– Warring dynasties in England (Lancaster and York).
Isabella and Ferdinand marry in Spain and end
centuries of war. The Burundians fight with the
Valois in France.
Renaissance and Reformation
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Thomas More
John Calvin
Hulrych Zwingli
Martin Luther
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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predestination
baptism
Eucharist
Ecclesiast
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Germany
France
Spain
Italy
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Germany
Denmark
Holland
England
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Henry IV
Charles V
Queen Elizabeth I
Henry VIII
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Thomas More
John Calvin
Hulrych Zwingli
Martin Luther
• Thomas More was a Humanist writer. The
others were present as “religious leaders”
at the Colloquy of Marburg.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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•
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predestination
baptism
Eucharist
Ecclesiast
• An “Ecclesiast” is someone who shares
the “word of God”. The rest are “religious
terms” debated at the Colloquy of
Marburg.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
•
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Germany
France
Spain
Italy
• Germany is/was a Protestant nation. The
others were/are Catholic.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
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Germany
Denmark
Holland
England
• England was an Anglican nation. The
others were/are Protestant.
ONE of these things is
NOT like the others…
•
•
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Henry IV
Charles V
Queen Elizabeth I
Henry VIII
• Queen Elizabeth was after the main “wars
of religion”. The others were leaders
during the wars.
1.What was Luther’s primary complaint in
the 95 Theses he composed in 1517?
– Treatment of the poor
– The overemphasis on power and wealth in
European society
– Unfair taxation by the Holy Roman Emperor
– The sale of indulgences and church office
2.The Colloquy of Marburg in 1529 was an
attempt to address doctrinal differences
between which two religious movements?
– Luther’s and Calvin’s
– Luther’s and the Anabaptists’
– Calvin’s and Zwingli’s
– Luther’s and Zwingli’s
3.Who established a Christian republic in
Geneva in 1514?
– Thomas More
– John Calvin
– Huldrych Zwingli
– Martin Luther
4.What motivated Henry VIII of England to
break with Rome in 1534?
– He was convinced by the teachings of Calvin
– He was at war with Catholic Spain
– The papacy was trying to collect taxes in
England
– The papacy would not allow him to divorce
5.Which new Catholic order founded in 1540
played a leading role in the Catholic
Reformation?
– The Franciscans
– The Dominicans
– The Cistercians
– The Jesuits
6.Which of the following was NOT an
outcome of the Council of Trent?
– The Catholic Church reasserted the
supremacy of the clergy over the laity
– The doctrine of the Catholic Church was
clarified
– The Catholic Church reconciled itself with the
Protestant church
– The clergy became more disciplined and
better trained
7.People of the Sixteenth Century sought
spiritual comfort in all the following ways
EXCEPT by _____.
– going on pilgrimages.
– building new shrines.
– using prayer books in the vernacular and
Latin
– joining crusades to the Holy Land
8.Who most influences the thought of
Huldrych Zwingli?
– John Calvin
– Martin Luther
– Desiderius Erasmus
– Thomas More
9. Which of the following statements regarding the
Anabaptists is FALSE?
– They were pacifists, and rejected the authority of
courts and magistrates
– They considered themselves to be a community of
true Christians modeled on the first Christian
community.
– Theirs was primarily an upper-class movement.
– Though persecuted and condemned, the movement
spread to many cities in southern Germany.
10.
The Peace of Augsburg _____.
– allowed all princes of the Holy Roman Empire,
whether Catholic or Lutheran, to determine the
religion of their lands and subjects, but it excluded
Calvinist and other dissenting groups.
– did not satisfy the claims of the French king, causing
him to again take up arms as soon as he was able.
– allowed emperor Charles V to consolidate control
over his Netherlandish-Burgundian territories, his
Spanish dominions, and his Austrian lands.
– bankrupted the Spanish crown.
1.What was Luther’s primary complaint in
the 95 Theses he composed in 1517?
– Treatment of the poor
– The overemphasis on power and wealth in
European society
– Unfair taxation by the Holy Roman Emperor
– The sale of indulgences and church office
2.The Colloquy of Marburg in 1529 was an
attempt to address doctrinal differences
between which two religious movements?
– Luther’s and Calvin’s
– Luther’s and the Anabaptists’
– Calvin’s and Zwingli’s
– Luther’s and Zwingli’s
3.Who established a Christian republic in
Geneva in 1514?
– Thomas More
– John Calvin
– Huldrych Zwingli
– Martin Luther
4.What motivated Henry VIII of England to
break with Rome in 1534?
– He was convinced by the teachings of Calvin
– He was at war with Catholic Spain
– The papacy was trying to collect taxes in
England
– The papacy would not allow him to divorce
5.Which new Catholic order founded in 1540
played a leading role in the Catholic
Counter-Reformation?
– The Franciscans
– The Dominicans
– The Cistercians
– The Jesuits
6.Which of the following was NOT an
outcome of the Council of Trent?
– The Catholic Church reasserted the
supremacy of the clergy over the laity
– The doctrine of the Catholic Church was
clarified
– The Catholic Church reconciled itself with the
Protestant church
– The clergy became more disciplined and
better trained
7.People of the Sixteenth Century sought
spiritual comfort in all the following ways
EXCEPT by _____.
– going on pilgrimages.
– building new shrines.
– using prayer books in the vernacular and
Latin
– joining crusades to the Holy Land
8.Who most influences the thought of
Huldrych Zwingli?
– John Calvin
– Martin Luther
– Desiderius Erasmus
– Thomas More
9. Which of the following statements regarding the
Anabaptists is FALSE?
– They were pacifists, and rejected the authority of
courts and magistrates
– They considered themselves to be a community of
true Christians modeled on the first Christian
community.
– Theirs was primarily an upper-class movement.
– Though persecuted and condemned, the movement
spread to many cities in southern Germany.
10.
The Peace of Augsburg _____.
– allowed all princes of the Holy Roman Empire,
whether Catholic or Lutheran, to determine the
religion of their lands and subjects, but it excluded
Calvinist and other dissenting groups.
– did not satisfy the claims of the French king, causing
him to again take up arms as soon as he was able.
– allowed emperor Charles V to consolidate control
over his Netherlandish-Burgundian territories, his
Spanish dominions, and his Austrian lands.
– bankrupted the Spanish crown.
Renaissance and Reformation
“Main Themes”
• Crisis of Faith
– Catholicism is a huge part of life, but it’s more of a “rule” than a “faith”.
Clergy had privileges and immunities from taxation and war service.
Indulgences were required. Priests were immoral and corrupt. “Pluralism”
gives churches unlimited power!
• Christian Humanism
– Erasmus and Thomas More believe that education can transform society
(“Philosophy of Christ”). Used humor and satire to open people’s eyes to
the Church’s wrongs.
• Martin Luther
– 95 Theses respond to Church abuse. Believed that “by faith alone”
someone is saved – not by a priest or by indulgences. Tried at the Diet of
Worms, excommunicated by Charles V. But “if you give a mouse a
cookie”…peasants revolt and demand a reform of religion and society!
Renaissance and Reformation
“Main Themes”
4. Protestantism
– Divided between “camps”. Zwingli, influenced by Erasmus, makes the
Swiss the “leaders” of reform and challenges Luther on the concept of
the Eucharist and the fact that Bible reading is for everyone! John Calvin
and his “predestination” makes for problems too. “Anabaptists” agree
that the whole system is flawed and needs rebuilding! Anglicanism, a
product of Henry VIII’s desire for divorce.
5. Wars of Religion
– Peace of Augsburg fails; Huguenots killed in the St. Bartholomew’s Day
Massacre. Henry IV believes “Paris is worth a mass” and converts to
Catholicism; issues Edict of Nantes. Charles V cannot keep the Holy
Roman Empire together; wars break out. France declares war on Spain,
Sweden comes to Germany’s aid and the Dutch follow. Peace of
Westphalia puts and end to religious wars, once and for all!
6. Catholic Response
– Catholicism is losing out. Council of Trent (Pope Paul III) and the “Holy
Office” aim at restructuring the Church and focusing more on “Bible
teaching”. Priesthood given to the “pious”, not the “privileged”. Kinda
works…but doesn’t resolved differences or reconcile with Protestants