Transcript AP World History: Chapter 16 and 17

AP World History: Chapter 16
and 17
Mrs. Jamie Mills
Chapter 16: The World Economy
• Silver becomes the global currency of the
early modern period
• Everyone wants it- allows Spain to build
massive armies and grand buildings, Japanese
mines raise output of silver, Europeans buy
Asian goods with silver
• China and India are largest recipients of silverbegins to replace paper money and merchants
require silver even for common purchases
Maritime Power
• Europeans enter this era of growing contacts with
a bit of ignorance.
• The crusades brought the knowledge to Europe
that the Islamic world at that point was superior
as far as their economy was concerned.
• Europe wanted power, stability, and expansion,
but they believed the world was flat so they were
fearful of distant voyages. They may fall off the
world’s edge. 
New Technology
• Europeans develop ships that are capable of
carrying heavy armament
• Mapmaking and compasses improved as well,
as well as overall navigational skills
• They also borrowed the Chinese invention of
explosives and made it their own, adding on
their own European guns and cannons.
• Western Europe was ready to go in for the kill.
Portugal and Spain Lead the Way
• God, Gold, and Glory
• Portuguese Prince, Henry the Navigator, pushed down
the African coast wanting to go further and further.
They brought back slaves, spices, and stories of gold.
• News of Columbus arriving in the America’s pushed
Vasco da Gama and the Portuguese to continue to
work even harder to reach India. In 1498 four ships
reach India.
• Voyage by Amerigo Vespucci names “America.” (Spain)
• Magellan the first to sail around the world..hey it’s not
flat? (Spain)
Trading Companies
• Dutch East India Company- Netherlands,
Britain, and France all chartered great trading
companies that were given government
monopolies of trade in the designated
regions.
• Became problematic because they had the
right to have their own armies and coin their
own money, and they did so without a lot of
real regulation from their home states.
Now the World Exchanges…
• Columbian Exchange
• What types of things were exchanged?
Mercantilism
• Doctrine of mercantilism urged that a nation
state not import goods from outside its own
empire, but sell exports as widely as possible.
• CORE NATIONS- supplemented their growing
economic prowess by self serving political
policies
• Tariffs are an example, tax imports that come
in, that way people do not want to import as
much from outside countries.
International Inequality
• Areas established as DEPENDENTS…opposite
of CORE NATIONS….begin supplying
unprocessed goods and slaves to European
countries.
• This plays a major role in Americas because
disease kills much of the population, therefore
slaves are brought in to do a lot of the work.
European nations fight one another
• European nations fight one another for their
strongholds in other nations.
• Example: The Seven Years War between France
and Britain. The French originally had strongholds
in Canada, specifically in Quebec, but Britain
attacked this land to colonize. War was settled in
1763 with the Treaty of Paris, and Britain taking
the land from France.
• Seven Years War (1756-1763) fought in Europe,
India, and North America, has been called the
first world war.
Europeans settlers begin arriving on
the Atlantic Coast
• The Atlantic colonies of North America soon
became filled with European settlers fleeing their
previous homes due to religious dissent,
ambition, and other motives.
• Their arrival leads to the death of many natives.
• Society that develops is much closer to that of
western Europe than of any societies in South
America.
• Colonists are very interested in writings and
works of Europe. Example: Ideas of John Locke
CHAPTER 17: The Transformation
of the West, 1450-1750
Mrs. Mills
A New Spirit
• 14th and 15th centuries- The Italian
Renaissance- movement away from more
religious works of art and thought, and
towards a pushing of boundaries and new
ideas on art and belief systems
• May have encouraged exploration: “Maybe
the world is not flat, even though that is what
we have been told.”
Blossoming of Italian Renaissance
• 15th and 16th centuries
• Leonardo da Vinci advanced portrayal of human
body, Michelangelo applied classical styles to
paintings and sculpture.
• Machiavelli emphasized realistic discussions of
how to seize and maintain power.
• Italian Renaissance stressed HUMANISM. It was a
focus on humankind as the center of intellectual
and artistic endeavor-deemphasis on religion, but
religion not attacked.
Renaissance leaves Italy
• Moves north into France, Germany, and
England after 1450-1500 and became the
Northern Renaissance.
• Northern Renaissance more religious than
Italian; they bland Christianity with secular
interests.
• Renaissance writers: Shakespeare in England
and Rabelais in France
• Renaissance kings became patrons of the arts
Technology and Family Changes
• Johannes Gutenberg- introduces moveable type
in Germany
• Expands audience for Renaissance writers and
aids in getting religious texts printed
• “European style family”- marriages occur later
than ever, now in late 20s. Typically, in
agricultural societies people were married young
and had many children to aid with the work. Now,
people are getting married later and not having
as many kids. They also do not share a home with
parents/grandparents.
Protestant and Catholic Reformation
• 1517- German monk by name of Martin Luther
nails a document containing 95 propositions of
how to change and, in his opinion, better
Christianity to the door of the Castle church in
Wittenberg.
• He was protesting claims made by a papal
representative in selling indulgences, or grants of
salvation for money. He went further to challenge
the authority of the pope as he claimed that only
faith could gain salvation and not religious
practices made by man.
Protestant and Catholic
Reformation…continued
• Luther went argue that monasticism was wrong
and that indeed priests should marry, and that
the Bible should be translated from Latin so that
ordinary people could have direct access to its
teachings.
• Luther did not want to break Christian unity, but
he wanted the church in different terms. More on
his terms, less on the Popes.
• Protestantism (general wave of religious dissent)
Religious and Political Appeal
• Remember: Church is center of society, it is also
political.
• Germans start to jump on board with Luther and
stray away from the rules and restrictions of the
pope.
• Different sects of Protestantism begin to arise:
Henry VIII- Anglican church -initially to challenge
papal marriage regulations
• Jean Calvin (French theologian)- Calvinismpredestination on who will be saved
Catholic Reformation
• A major church council revived Catholic
doctrine and refuted key Protestant tenets
such as the idea that priests had no special
sacramental power and could marry.
• A new religious group, the Jesuits, became
active in politics, education, and mission work
for the Catholic church.