Transcript Folie 1 - CIHEAM,Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo

Current Approaches to
Participation in Water
Management
Claudia Pahl-Wostl
Institute of Environmental Systems Research
University of Osnabrück
Challenges for Water
Management
• Technological tradition.
• Based on ability to predict and quantify risks
• Human behaviour as „boundary condition“.
• Uncertainties in climate change, economic
development -> flexible integrated
management schemes.
• The Human Dimension gains in importance.
Some activities at
European Level
FIRMA
HarmoniCOP
HarmoniCOP
HARMONIzing COllaborative Planning
Implementation Needs
 Integrated management straegies require
participatory approaches
 to deal with different valuation schemes
 to mediate conflicts of interest
 to combine ethical considerations with formal
approaches in risk assessment
NEED FOR SOCIAL LEARNING!
Social learning in water
management
Social learning is required for all
stakeholders to deal with different
interests and points of view and to
collectively manage their river basin
in a sustainable way.
Elements of Social Learning
• Build up shared problem perception in a group
of actors.
• Build trust for self-reflection - recognition of
individual mental frames and images and how
they pertain to decision making.
• Recognize mutual dependencies and
interactions.
• Reflect on assumptions about the dynamics
and cause-effect relationships in the basin.
• Reflect on subjective valuation schemes.
• Engage in collective decision- and learning
processes.
PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER
PARTICIPATION
Public and stakeholder participation refers to
the active involvement of individual citizens,
individual companies, public interest groups and
economic interest groups in decision making.
Communication and information flows are
important aspects of PP. Information and
communication tools are of major importance.
SOCIAL LEARNING
It is argued here that transformation and
change, and processes of social learning are of
major importance if the sustainability of current
resource management regimes is to be
improved.
However, the theoretical base for social
learning is still fragmented. This must be
attributed to the fact that an interdisciplinary,
system-oriented approach is missing in the
social sciences.
SOCIAL LEARNING
Social learning is based on the idea that social
change requires
• critical self-reflection,
• the development of participatory, multi-scale,
democratic processes,
• reflexive capabilities of individuals and societies,
• the capacity of social movements to shape the
political and economic boundary conditions
towards improvement of the current situation.
SOCIAL LEARNING
Social learning with respect to sustainable
development is based on the participatory
processes of social change and societal
transformations with the aim of
• making clear the goals and stakes that are
involved in transformation processes,
• achieve better (because democratic) solutions to
environmental problems,
• thus fostering the implementation of measures
that have been agreed upon,
• and better manage conflicts.
ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL
LEARNING 1
Processes of social learning should contain the
following elements
• Build up a shared problem perception in a group
of actors, in particular when the problem is
largely ill-defined (this does not imply consensus
building).
• Build trust as base for a critical self-reflection,
which implies recognition of individual mental
frames and images and how they pertain to
decision making.
ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL
LEARNING 2
• Recognize mutual dependencies and
interactions in the actor network.
• Reflect on assumptions about the dynamics and
cause-effect relationships in the system to be
managed.
• Reflect on subjective valuation schemes.
• Engage in collective decision- and learning
processes (this may include the development of
new management strategies, and the
introduction of new formal and informal rules).
„Stakeholder“ groups in the
development and use of models
Practitioners
Information needs
Participatory
Model developers
Implementation
Questions
Conceptual
approaches on
participatory
processes and the
role of
information/models
Expectations about
Models / Information
Experience on
success and failure
Policy problems
Model developers
Concept for the use
of models in river
basin management
Expectations on the
needs of „endusers“
and how models
should be applied
FIRMA
Freshwater Integrated Resource Management
with Agents
Models and information in
processes of social learning
Analysis Actor Network
- participatory Process
Analysis Data
“Perceptions
Mental Models"
„SOFT“
"Facts"
Model Structure
Scenarios
„HARD“
Participatory agent based social
simulation
• Actors participate in the model development
process
• Actors learn and may change the rules under
which they operate when confronted with a
representation of their system.
• Modeling to learn and not to predict!
LockInEffects
Government and
Institutional
inertia
Consumer
behavior
and habits
Engineers and
Planning rules
Long lived
interdependent
infrastructure
preventing
change….
Our Methodological Approach to
explore innovation
• Elicit domain knowledge on decision making
processes with experts (thesis as input)
• Design participatory process with stakeholder
groups and citizens
• Develop an agent based model in a
participatory setting
• Use model moderation to establish a shared
problem perception and foster processes of
social learning
Mental Models
(Methodological development by
Matthew Hare)
Elicitation of mental models
Cause-effect
relationships
Actor Network
Model Structure
Role play
Computer model
New management strategies
Mental Models: Hexagon Method
• Cause-effect relationships
Household
Watertechnology
environmental
awareness
Water
Demand
Waterbill
Modell Structure
Wastewater
Wastewater Treatment
Waterdemand
Houses
Watersupply
Reservoirs
Negotiation
Water Supply
System Indicators
Water demand
Water supply
Water quality
Regulation/
Susidies
House owners
Normal or savingtechnologies
Politician
Plants
Manufacturer
Social Learning in Actors’ platform
Some results
 Role playing game and model with qualitative
dynamics was very useful to challenge current
thinking, foster innovation and clarify thoughts about
the role of different stakeholder groups.
 One major product was a memo of understanding with
results of the whole process.
 Promising approach to explore the potential
implement new management strategies.
and