Transcript Bild 1 - Sustainable Sanitation

Module 4.8
Excreta fertilisers in
Agriculture
How can ecological fertilisers from
excreta best be used?
What is the farmer applying to the
field?
• Mineral Fertiliser
• Animal Manure
– Slurry
– Solids
• Water
• Energy
How is the fertiliser applied?
• Mineral fertiliser
– Spreader
– By hand
• Solid manure
– Spreader for solids TS>20%
– Manually
• Trolley + shovel
• Liquid manure
– Spreader for liquids TS<12%
– Overflowing
– Included in watering water
– Applied bucket/tank wise
When is the fertiliser applied?
•
•
•
•
Before plantation
Until 2/3 of season
Until Ear setting
Until one month before
harvest
• 2-3 times per cropping
• Every day?
Application of water
• When is it needed?
– Increased water, except
during flooding
• How?
– Spraying
– Surface overflow
– Surface application
– Drip irrigation
Group question
• How can we produce these fertilisers from
households
– What materials do we get?
– Do they need extra treatment?
• Why?
– What are the fertilising value of the fractions?
Nutrient content in wastewater
• Urine
– 1-1.5L /pd 3-500L /year
• 0.3-0.7L per urination
– 3-3.5kg N/py
– 0.3kg P/py
– 0.3kg K/py
– All direct plant available
Nutrient
contentcontent
in wastewater
Fraction
• Faeces
–
–
–
–
–
100-400g/pd 40-100kg/year
0.3kg N/py
0.1kg P/py
0.2kg K/py
Most organically bound
Treatment of urine
– Storage
• 2 Month >20C
• 1 Month >30C
– Not according to
WHO!
– Urine to own garden
direct use
– Urine from urinals
only – less treatment
requred
– Selected use less
storage needed
Treatment of faeces
– Composting
• >50C >1week + turning
• Low temp composting
– Biogas
• Long HRT and MRT
• Additional hygiene
treatment preferable
– Chemical treatment
• Ammonia
• Lime
• Ash
– Selected use
How to apply the urine fertiliser
– Large Medium scale
• Drip irrigation
• Hose spreader
• Watering
– Small scale
• Drip irrigation
• Watering can
• Watering (with GW)
– Application
• Before planting
• During growth
How to apply the faecal fertiliser
• Compost
– Solid manure
– Shovel
– Application
• Before planting
• Biogas slurry
– Hose spreader
– Land overflow
– Incorporation into soil
– Application
• Before planting
• During growth
How to apply the greywater
• Direct application
– At trees
– Mulch bed
– Grass land
– Avoid storage (smell)
• Treated GW
– Irrigation
• Spray
• Drip
• Overflow
To what can I use the urine fertiliser?
• Treated urine / at home
application
– Unrestricted use
– Salt content
– High ammonia content
• Untreated urine
– Fodder crop
– Crop above ground
• Processed
• Fruits
– Ornamental purposes
To what can I use the faecal fertiliser?
• Level of treatment
– High level unrestricted
use
– Low level restricted use
• Crops with long
growth period
– Pineapple
– Banana
– Coconut
• Non food crops
– Fodder
– Ornamental
To what can I use the greywater?
• Untreated GW
– At home
– Direct use (minimise
piping)
– Applied treatment
• Mulch bed
• At trees
• Treated GW
– Can be stored
– Watering purposes
Selection of use
• Practicality
• Hygiene
– Barriers
• Treatment
• Selection of use
– Food crop
– Fodder
– Other
• Composition
• Acceptance
– User
– Farmer (end user)
– Consumer