Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 28 Section1
China
Cause and Effect
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Qing Dynasty 1644 to 1912
Opium War 1842- Treaty of Nanking
Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 (Civil War)
Spheres of Influence
The Open Door Policy
Sino-Japanese War 1894
Boxer Rebellion
The Nationalist Party (Sun Yat-sen)
Chinese Republic (1912)
R10
• Create a How-To and How-Not-To manual
for Imperialism and dealing with the West.
Be sure to point mistakes or good
decisions made by China and Japan when
dealing with the west. Be sure to include
pictures to accompany each point of
advice. You must include at least 10
points of either How-To or How-Not-To.
The Fall of the Qing Dynasty
• Qing Dynasty 1644-1912
– China’s political, economic, and military
position weakened under the Qing Dynasty.
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China Resists Outside Influence
China and the West
Rejecting Western Goods
• In 1793, China rejects gifts brought by British
ambassador
• China is strong politically because it is largely selfsufficient
- agriculture, mining, manufacturing sectors highly
productive
The Tea-Opium Connection
• Guangzhou, southern port, is only port open to
foreign trade
• China earns more from its exports than it spends on
imports
• British smuggle opium (late 1700s); many
Continued . . .
Chinese become addicted
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continued China
and the West
War Breaks Out
• In 1839, Opium War erupts—fight caused by
opium trade
• China loses the war to more modern British navy
• Treaty of Nanjing (1842) gives British control of
Hong Kong
• In 1844, other nations win extraterritorial rights
• Rights mean foreigners exempt from laws at
Guangzhou, other ports
Image
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Growing Internal Problems
Population Problems
• China’s population booms from 1790 to 1850
• Crop yields do not grow as fast, producing
widespread hunger, unrest
The Taiping Rebellion
• In late 1830s, Hong Xiuquan recruits followers to
build new China
• Taiping Rebellion—name given Hong’s movement;
taiping—“great peace”
• In 1850s, Hong’s army grows large, captures large
areas in southeast
• By 1864, rebellion defeated by internal fighting,
outside attack
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Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864
• Civil War that broke out because of
“unequal treaties”. Eventually it was
crushed by British led forces.
• Eroded the Qing Dynasty’s control of
China.
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Foreign Influence Grows
Resistance to Change
• Dowager Empress Cixi rules China most years from
1862 to 1908
• Supports reforms aimed at education, government,
military
• Otherwise prefers traditional ways
Other Nations Step In
• China suffers attacks from other nations; forced to
grant more rights
• Europeans, Japan gain spheres of influence—
areas of economic control
• U.S. declares Open Door Policy (1899)
- Chinese trade open to all nations
Map
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Sino-Japanese War 1894
• China’s defeat led to more lost territory.
• From China, Japan gained the island of
Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula as
well as trading benefits in Chinese
territory. The Japanese also ended
China’s influence in Korea.
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An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
Growing Dissension
• Many Chinese resent growing power of outsiders,
press for change
• In 1898, Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Cixi,
restored, ends them
The Boxer Rebellion
• Anti-government, anti-European peasants form
secret organization
• In 1900, they launch Boxer Rebellion—their
campaign for reforms
• Rebels take Beijing, but foreign army defeats them,
ending rebellion
• Though rebellion fails, Chinese nationalism surges
Image
Continued . . .
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Boxer Rebellion
• The Righteous and Harmonious Fists,
practiced a Chinese form of Boxing. In
1900 the Boxers carried out attacks
against foreigners and Chinese Christians
in the city Beijing (Peking). Western
powers and Japan sent a multinational
force that ended the uprising. Empress Ci
Xi who had supported the Boxers,
reversed her policy.
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continued An
Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
The Beginnings of Reform
• Cixi and other conservatives recognize necessity
of reform
• In 1905, she sends officials abroad to study other
governments
• In 1906, Cixi begins making reforms but they
move slowly
• Unrest continues for four more decades
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The Nationalist Party
• Many Chinese believed that a modern
republic should replace the Qing Dynasty.
Sun Yat-sen will form the United League
(Nationalist Party) in 1905.
• Their goal was to modernize China on the
basis of the “Three Principles of the
People”: nationalism (freedom from foreign
control), democracy (representative
government), and livelihood (economic
well-being for all Chinese)
Chinese Republic 1912
• 1911 revolution started.
• January 1912, Sun Yat-sen will become
the 1st President of the new Chinese
Republic.