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I. The Road to Communism A. By the 1920s, two different parties had emerged 1. Sun Yat-sen (died in 1925) and Chiang Kai-shek led the party 2. The Communist party was led by Mao Zedong Sun Yat-sen Nationalist B. Both parties worked together to get rid of the imperialists. Why? C. Tensions reached a boiling point at the Shanghai Massacre in April 1927 when the Nationalists killed thousands of Communists. 1. The Nationalist force tried to rid China of communism, but Mao and his force fled to the hills of northern China. a) Mao and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) began The Long March 6,000 miles to get away from Chiang Kai-Shek’s forces in 1934. Of the 90,000 troops that embarked on the journey, only 9,000 remained Chiang Mao Zedong Kai-Shek D. By 1945, two different governments existed in China. A full scale civil war would break out with Mao succeeding in 1949. 1. Reason for Mao’s success a) Mao Zedong had the support of the peasants in the countryside and used guerilla tactics. Chairman Mao has given us a happy life 2. Mao’s revolution was successful and he became leader of China. 3. Chiang Kai-shek and two million followers fled to the island of Taiwan. a) The Nationalist government in Taiwan was recognized on the Security Council until 1971 when Communist China was officially recognized. Republic of China aka Taiwan People’s Republic of China aka China II. China under Mao A. The Great Leap Forward (1958) 1. Mao took 700,000 existing collective farms that were normally the size of a village and combined them into 26,000 communes. Mao hoped to create a classless society and increase production on the farm/factory. a) Commune is a bigger form of a collective farm. What would Marx think? ` b) Results-A complete economic failure. Nearly 20 million people died of starvation. By 1960, the government gave up the communes and the collective farms were back. Who else wanted collective farms in history? Unmitigated- Absolute Erroneous- Wrong ` Dissident- In the political opposition Quipped- A clever or witty remark Notion- Idea Ideologyideas Basis of economic or political Agrarian- Relating to agriculture C. The Cultural Revolution 1. In 1966, Mao launched the Cultural Revolution 2. The Red Guards destroyed all signs of religion. The Guards were revolutionary groups composed of young people. 3. The Little Red Book-A collection of all thoughts by Mao. It was pushed on the Chinese people as an important source of knowledge in all areas. a) Found in universities, factories, communes, and every school b) Any sign of old ideas, culture/customs, and habits were destroyed. c) Anyone who was pro-western was open to attack. m In two paragraphs, evaluate the claim using evidence supported from the passage. Use three supporting quotes in your passage with in-text citations. Along the way use the words: Unmitigated, dissident, ideology, notion Ji Li Jiang III. Deng Xiaoping A. Four Modernizations-New` policies in industry, agriculture, technology, and national defense. Some privatization and capitalism was introduced. 1. Government sent Chinese abroad to study western practices 2. Collective farms could lease to peasant families for rent. a) Anything produced on land could be sold privately 3. Impact a) Industrial output skyrocketed along with per capita income b) Education led for the call of democratic reforms 1) Government dissenters were still sent to jail B. Tiananmen Square 1. By the late 1980s, many Chinese leaders including Deng were aging a) In May 1989, at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, college students called for the resignation of communist leaders 1) Deng believed the dissenters were calling an end to communist rule and sent in tanks and troops to crush the protests. 500-2,000 were killed. 1989 IV. China Today A. One Child Policy 1. Beginning in 1979, China has implemented the One-Child Policy to control the population 2. Couples are given education benefits, childcare, and housing to limit their families to one child B. Hong Kong 1. Leased by the British for 100 years 2. British gave it up in 1997 to China C. Globalization 1. Definition-The movement toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. 2. China’s economy has become closely intertwined with the American economy due to the policies of Deng Xiaoping and his successors.