Transcript Youth Fitness - Delta State University

Youth Fitness
 Most experts feel that American children and
youths are less healthy, active, and physically
fit than is recommended
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Youth are increasingly overweight.
Only half exercise vigorously
Girls exercise less than boys
Upper body strength is poor for many children
and youths.
Aerobic fitness is lower than recommended for
many young people
Many young people have disease risk factors.
Physiological Considerations
an overview
 Use oxygen more efficiently
 Less able to facilitate anaerobic pathways
 Cardiovascular system is not fully developed
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until 12 – 20 years of age
Less efficient ventilation
Have low tolerance to extreme temperatures
RPE – perceive tasks as easier at any given
workload
Have less tolerance for exercise in the heat
Growth and Development
 Infancy
 Childhood
 Adolescents
 adulthood
Growth and Development
 A child’s growth rate is variable in a 15
year old height can range between 5’1” –
5’11.5” in males and 4’8” – 5’8” in
females.
 Weight also varies ranging in males
between 95 and 175 lbs. and in females
between 88 and 172 lbs.
 Need to consider maturation and motor
development as you evaluate exercise
responses and skill.
Tanner Stages of Sexual
Maturation
 Stage 1- prepubertal stage of
development.
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Absence of any secondary sexual
characteristics
 Stage 2- indicatees the initail
development of each secondary sexual
characteristic
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Initial elevation of breasts in girls and
enlargement of the genitals in boys. For
both sexes pubic hair begins to appear
Tanner continued
 Stage 3 & 4- Continued maturation of
each secondary sexual characteristic.
Pubic hair becomes coarser and begins
to curl. Relative enlargement of larynx in
boys. Increase in pelvic diameter begins
in girls.
 Stage 5 Indicates adult maturation.
Trainability of Preadolescents
 Aerobic capacity is small to moderate
 Anaerobic capacity negligible
 Muscular Strength and Endurance can
be improved
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BENEFITS
RISKS
FACTORS INFLUENCING
SAFETY PRINCIPLES
Precautions for exercising in
extreme heat
 Light weight clothing (single layer)
 Wet clothes should be replace
 Should gradually increase over 10 –14 days
 Intensity and duration should be initially lower
 Subjectively will acclimatize faster (therefore at
greater risk of heat stress)
 If exercise more than 30 minutes should
replace every 10 – 15 minutes with 100 – 15ml of water or sport drink ( no added benefit)
ACTIVITY GUIDELINES FOR
PREADOLESCENTS
(COPEC 1998)
 30 - 60 minutes of accumulated physical activity daily
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is recommended
Accumulation of more than 60 minutes is encouraged
10 - 15 minutes should be moderate to vigorous
Extended inactivity is inappropriate
A variety of activities from the physical activity
pyramid suggested
Preadolescent Children
Should Be:
 allowed to be naturally active
 allowed to control the intensity and
duration of the activity
 encouraged to play outside away from
the television and computer
 involved with organized activities
 provided active role models
Recommended Amount of Physical
Activity for Preadolescents
 Frequency – everyday
 Intensity – variable ( enough to burn
about 6-8 kcals/kg/day
 Time 30 to 60 minutes of accumulated
activity
Recommendations for
adolescents guideline 1
All adolescents should be physically active daily, or nearly every day, as part of
play, games, sports, work, transportation, recreation, physical education, or
planned exercise, in context of family, school, and community activities.
Adolescents should do a variety of physical activities as part of their daily lifestyles. These activities should be enjoyable, involve a variety of muscle
groups and include some weight bearing activities. The intensity or duration of
the activity is probably less important than the fact that energy is expended and
a habit of daily activity is established. Adolescents are encouraged to
incorporate physical activity into their lifestyles by doing such things as walking
up stairs, walking or riding a bicycle, for errands, having conversation while
walking with friends, parking at the far end of parking lots and doing household
chores.
Guideline 2
Adolescents should engage in three or more session per week of
activities that last 20 minutes or more at a time and that require
moderate to vigorous levels of exertion. Moderate to vigorous
activities are those that require at least as much effort as brisk or fast
walking. A diversity of activities that use large muscle groups are
recommended as part of sports, recreation, chores, transportation,
work, school, physical education, or planned exercise. Examples
include brisk walking, jogging, stair climbing, basketball, racquet
sports, soccer, dance, swimming laps, skating, strength (resistance)
training, lawn mowing, strenuous housework, cross-country skiing,
and cycling.
BENEFITS OF
HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS
 Lowers mortality rates
 Decreases risk of cardiovascular disease
 Decreases risk of certain types of cancer
 Lowers risk of NIDDM
 Has a positive effect body fat distribution
 Relieves symptoms of some mental health
disorders
 improves health-related quality of life