Transcript Chapter 8

Chap 8: Adolescents, Young
Adults, and Adults
Anita Sego
Spring, 2005
Chap 8: Adolescents
Chapter Objectives
• Explain why it is important for community
health workers to be aware of the
different health concerns of the various
age groups in the United States.
• Define by age the groups of adolescents
and young adults, and adults.
• Briefly describe key demographic
characteristics of adolescents and young
adults.
Chap 8: Adolescents
Chapter Objectives
• Explain what the Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS), the
National College Health Risk Behavior
Survey (NCHRBS), and the Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System
(BRFSS) are and what type of data they
generate.
• Provide a brief behavioral risk profile for
adolescents, college students, and
adults.
Chap 8: Adolescents
Chapter Objectives
• Outline the health profiles for the various
age groups-adolescents and young
adults, and adults-listing major causes of
mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for
each group.
• Give examples of community health
strategies for improving the health status
of adolescents and young adults, and
adults.
Chap 8: Adolescents
Introduction
• Understanding age group Health
Risks and Problems
– Detect risks for specific target populations
– Propose specific reduction programs
Chap 8: Adolescents
Adolescents and Young
Adults
• Fall into the 15- to 24-year-old range
• Baby Echo
– offspring of the baby boom generation
• Critical time period
– faces physical, emotional, and educational
changes
Chap 8: Adolescents
Demography
• The Number of Adolescents and
Young Adults
• Living Arrangements
• Employment Status
Chap 8: Adolescents
Young Adult Population
Chap 8: Adolescents
Employment Status
• Proportion of overall labor force has
remained constant since 1980’s
• Unemployment rates vary significantly by
race and ethnicity
• Access to health care affected by
employment status
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Profile
Adolescents and Young
Adults
• Mortality
– Medical advances have reduced death rate
dramatically
– Physical threat comes primarily from
behavioral activities
• Causes
–
–
–
–
Motor vehicle crashes
Other unintentional injuries
Homicides
Suicides
Chap 8: Adolescents
Major causes of mortality (15- 24)
Other
Unintentional
Injuries
11%
Homicide
18%
Suicide
13%
Motor
Vehicles
Crashes
33%
Other Causes
25%
Chap 8: Adolescents
Teen Suicide Rates (YRBS, 1999)
20.00%
18.00%
16.00%
14.00%
12.00%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
1990
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Profile
Adolescents and Young Adults
• Morbidity
– Measles
– Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chap 8: Adolescents
Causes of Morbidity
• Communicable diseases
– measles
– sexually transmitted diseases
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Behaviors and Lifestyle
Choices of High School Students
• Behaviors that contribute to
Unintentional Injury
• Behaviors that contribute to
Intentional Injury
• Tobacco Use
• Increased use of smokeless tobacco
among teenage males
• Alcohol and Other Drugs
• Sexual Behavior
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Behaviors and Lifestyle
Choices of College Students
• Behaviors that contribute to
Unintentional Injuries
• Behaviors that contribute to Intentional
Injuries
• Tobacco Use
• Alcohol and Other Drugs
• Sexual Behavior
Chap 8: Adolescents
Percentage of High School Students
Who Reported Sexual Risk Behaviors
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
58.00%
54.40%
53.10%
49.90%
40.00%
24.80%
24.80%
17.80%
16.20%
30.00%
20.00%
1995
1999
10.00%
0.00%
Ever had
sexual
intercourse
Ever had
sexual
intercourse
4+
Used
condoms at
last
intercourse
Used alcohol
or drugs at
last
intercourse
Chap 8: Adolescents
Strategies for Improving the
Health of Adolescents and Young
Adults
• Community Based
– Involving stakeholders
• Comprehensive
• Collaborative
• Multifaceted
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Profile
Adults
• 25 to 64 years old
• Represents about half the U.S.
Population
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Profile
Adults
• Mortality
– Overall death rate improving
• Improved health behavior and lifestyles
– Cancer
– Cardiovascular Disease
– Chronic Disease
Chap 8: Adolescents
Homicide
HIV
Suicide
CVD
Cancer
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Unintentional
Death Rates (24 - 44 yr.; per 100,000 pop)
Whites
Blacks
Hispanics
Chap 8: Adolescents
Liver
HIV
Diabetes
Stroke
OPD
Unintentional
Injuries
CVD
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Cancer
Death Rates (45 - 64 yr.; per 100,000 pop)
Whites
Blacks
Hispanics
Chap 8: Adolescents
Health Profile
Adults
• Health Behaviors and Lifestyle
Choices
– Smoking
• Responsible for one in every six deaths
– Lack of Exercise
– Alcohol Consumption
– Weight
Chap 8: Adolescents
Risk Factors for Chronic
Disease
• Smoking
• Lack of exercise
• Alcohol consumption
• Body weight
Chap 8: Adolescents
Risk Factors for Personal
Injury
• Safety belt use
• Drinking and driving
Chap 8: Adolescents
Awareness and Screening
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Cholesterol
Chap 8: Adolescents
Strategies for Improving the
Health of Adults
• Primary Prevention programs
– Exercise
– Nutrition
• Secondary Prevention
– Clinical Screening
• Tertiary Prevention
– Medication Compliance
Chap 8: Adolescents
Chapter 8
Adolescents, Young Adults, and
Adults