Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 9: Making State and
Local Policy
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Public Education
Higher Education
Social Services
Law Enforcement
Planning the Urban
Community
• Regulation
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LO 9.1
Public Education
LO 9.1 Outline local, state, and federal
government roles in elementary and secondary
education.
Public Education
• K-12 administered at State/local level
rather than nat level like most nations
• 14,000 school districts
• Federal involvement
• Reaction to Sputnik (1957)
• Fed $: 2% in 1940  about 10% today
• Dept of Education (1979)—admin grants
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Public Education Controversies
LO 9.1
• Ideal is non-political, but highly political
• School board elections nonpartisan, but
often hotly contested
• Professional educators often clash with
parents about what should be taught
• Public School Integration—1970s-80s
• Standards and Testing-No Child Left
Behind: from 14 states to nearly all
• Vouchers—competition or drain of $?
• Charter Schools—public $ alternative
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LO 9.1
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LO 9.2
Higher Education: 15m in pub schls
LO 9.2 Assess the concerns about state funding
of higher education.
• Administration varies widely
• governed by boards chosen in many ways
(governor, legislature, combo, or elected)
• Some coordination or in systems
• Funding
• States spend 8 to 15 % of their budgets on
higher education—inter-school competition
• Inflates as 2-3 x inflation rate
• Student debt over $20k to graduate
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LO 9.3
Social Services
LO 9.3 Describe the role of the state in public
assistance programs, and assess the
challenges facing state social service programs.
• Public Assistance
• Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF) replaced AFDC in 1996
• More job oriented and more state flexibility
• 63% drop in cases from 1996-2007
• Unemployment benefits—fed/state
employer taxes in trust fund—ave: 36% inc.
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Social Services-contd
• Public Health
• Fed Level: CDC and US Pub Health Service
• State Level: County Health Departments
• Medicaid (1965)
• Poor; lo inc children; pregnant women;
disabled—over 55 million, 13% of population
• Matching rates vary
• 2006 Deficit Reduction Act—gave states
options to reduce costs
Social Services-contd
• State Children’s Health Insurance
Program (SCHIP)—1997
– Matching $ for states to increase health care
for children (<19) up to 2x poverty rate
• State experiments
– Mass Plan—”RomneyCare”
– Hawaii Plan—employers cover all (>20
employees)
LO 9.4
Law Enforcement
LO 9.4 Trace the growth of states’
responsibilities for law enforcement.
• Police powers—protect health, safety, welfare
of citizens (“reserved power”)
• State police (first in 1905—in Pa)
• Local police(18k agencies--700k officers)
• “First responders”—fed funded since 9-11
• Federal law enforcement--many agencies
• Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and
Explosives
• Drug Enforcement Administration
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Planning the Urban Community
LO 9.5
LO 9.5 Outline states’ tools and priorities for
urban planning.
• Zoning Laws—the major tool of local
govt
• Controlling Growth—”smartgrowth”
• Transportation—from work days for able
bodied males to bike and car club roads
to USDOT and annual transportation act
• Economic Development—state trade
missions; economic incentives vs build it
and they will come
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Regulation
LO 9.6 Assess the role of states and
communities in regulating and in enforcing
compliance with federal and state regulations.
•Why? Assume benefits outweigh costs
•Environmental (air/water/toxic substance)
•Model: feds set stds & states implement
•Growing state role – up to 80% costs
•Energy use and sustainability—new area
•Working Conditions
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Health/safety legislation—Massey Energy (WVa)
Workers’ compensation
Child labor—many states allow work at 14
Consumer protection—products and fraud
LO 9.6
LO 9.1
___ is the controversial educational
program that nationalized testing.
A. Integration
B. No Child Left Behind
C. Vouchers
D. Charter schools
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LO 9.1
___ is the controversial educational
program that nationalized testing.
A. Integration
B. No Child Left Behind
C. Vouchers
D. Charter schools
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States spend ___ of their budget
on higher education.
LO 9.2
A. 2 – 5%
B. 8 – 15%
C. 20 – 24%
D. 30 – 35%
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States spend ___ of their budget
on higher education.
LO 9.2
A. 2 – 5%
B. 8 – 15%
C. 20 – 24%
D. 30 – 35%
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In what time period did the United
States government get involved in
social services?
LO 9.3
A. 1860s
B. 1890s
C. 1930s
D. 1960s
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In what time period did the United
States government get involved in
social services?
LO 9.3
A. 1860s
B. 1890s
C. 1930s
D. 1960s
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Which level of law enforcement
handles highway patrol?
LO 9.4
A. State police
B. Local police
C. County sheriff
D. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Which level of law enforcement
handles highway patrol?
LO 9.4
A. State police
B. Local police
C. County sheriff
D. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Zoning laws allow cities to ____.
LO 9.5
A. Create specific areas and limit property
usage in those areas
B. Control the growth of buildings
C. Enhance commuting to work
D. Compete to attract businesses in order
to create jobs
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Zoning laws allow cities to ____.
LO 9.5
A. Create specific areas and limit
property usage in those areas
B. Control the growth of buildings
C. Enhance commuting to work
D. Compete to attract businesses in order
to create jobs
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One policy area that states and
localities are most concerned with is
____.
LO 9.6
A. Waste management
B. Worker’s compensation
C. Child labor
D. Consumer protection
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One policy area that states and
localities are most concerned with is
____.
LO 9.6
A. Waste management
B. Worker’s compensation
C. Child labor
D. Consumer protection
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Back to learning objectives