Transcript The Civil War 1861-1865

The Civil War 18611865
Chapter 16 Section 1
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"Let me tell you what is coming. After the sacrifice of
countless millions of treasure and hundreds of thousands
of lives you may win Southern independence, but I doubt
it. The North is determined to preserve this Union. They
are not a fiery, impulsive people as you are, for they live
in colder climates. But when they begin to move in a
given direction, they move with the steady momentum
and perseverance of a mighty avalanche."
- Governor Sam Houston of Texas
Why did the Civil War happen anyway?
2 Sides
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Both the north &
south had strengths
and weaknesses
that helped
determine their
military strategies
The Civil War was fought in 10,000 places, from Val Verde, New Mexico, and Tullahoma, Tennessee,
to St. Albans, Vermont, and Fernandina on the Florida coast. More than 3 million Americans fought in
it, and over 600,000 men, 2 percent of the population, died in it.
North vs. South
Strengths
Weaknesses
Union
Confederacy
More
population
More factories
to produce
bullets &
bombs
Long supply
lines
Outdoors men
Good military
leadership
Knowledge of
geography
Less money
Less people
North’s Battle Plan…Anaconda
Plan
Blockade-close southern ports
 Take control of Mississippi river cutting
south into 2 parts
 Capture Richmond, VA the Confederate
Capital
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The effect of a blockade-Although the near-exhaustion of the nation's war supplies, especially
powder, was kept secret, other effects of the naval blockade were all too well known. After a
disastrous attempt at price control was abandoned, the regulated items having simply disappeared
from grocery shelves, prices went up with a leap. Meat was 50c a pound, butter 75c, coffee $1.50,
and tea $10; all in contrast to cotton, which had fallen to 5c.
The South’s battle PlanGeneral Lee
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1807-1870
Engineer & Leader of
Confederate forces
Father Rev. War hero
Light Horse Harry
Owner Arlington
Plantation now
Arlington Cemetery
American against American…
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Rebels-confederate
soldier(commonly
referred to Johnny Reb)
Yankee-union soldier or
supporter
Average age of soldier
25
40 percent 21 or
younger
Many of the generals on
both sides were friends
& classmates at West
Point.
Ft. Sumter
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Major Anderson-Union
P.T. Beauregard-Confederate
Confederate Victory
Major Anderson was a teacher to
Beauregard at West Point
Beauregard allowed the honor to his
old teacher of surrendering to a 100
shot cannon salute and returning to
the North with his men.
One Union soldier died and another
was mortally wounded during the 47th
shot of a 100 shot salute, allowed by
the Confederacy. Afterwards the salute
was shortened to 50 shots.
Edmund Ruffin,
VA
“Stonewall” Jackson 1824Confederate General
1863
From Virginia
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Attended West Point
There is Jackson, “standing like a
stonewall”
Secretive, loved lemons, thought
1 arm was longer than the other,
wore old uniform, known to lead
army in circles, and would fall
asleep with food in his mouth.
However, considered to be
extremely courageous in battle.
Accidentally shot by confederate
soldier at Chancellorsville
On his death bed he ordered A.P.
Hill to bring up the infantry.
The Early Years of the Civil
War
Battle
Outcome
1st Battle of Bull Run
(called Manassas in
South)
Monitor V.
Merrimack
30,000 Union troops defeated by
Jackson & Beauregard(Rebel
Yell) Confederate Victory (makes
2 in a row)
Antietam
Bloodiest Battle of Civil War
23,000 wounded or dead in 1
day. Much needed Union
Victory
Ironclad-warships from both
sides fought 1862 off VA, coast
Union victory. Began new age in
warfare
AntietamSept. 1862
The Bloody Lane Antietam
President Lincoln with union officers at Antietam 1862
The Emancipation
Proclamation
Written by Abraham Lincoln in 1863
 Document written which freed all slaves
in the South
 Led to the 13th Amendment in 1865
which officially abolished slavery by the
Constitution
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"The emancipated blacks have nothing, because nothing but
freedom has been given them."
- contemporary view at the end of the war
The 54th Massachusetts
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Led by white abolitionist
Famous African
American Union
regiment
Fought bravely and its
soldiers won many
medals for
valor(courage)
Glory-a movie made
about the 54th
Life During the Civil War
section 4
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Civilians as well as
soldiers had an
impact on the war
effort
Women & the War
Clara Barton
Started the American
Red Cross
Dorthea Dix
Organized women to
serve as nurses
Loretta Janeta
Velaquez
Fought for the South at
Shiloh & Bull Run
Rosie O’neal Greenhow Entertained union
soldiers, spied on plans
and sent word to the
South
War & the Economy
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South
Fought on southern soil
so damage to cities,
farms, and
manufacturing was
widespread.
Inflation was rampantincrease in price of
goods & a decrease in
value of money. (barrel
of flour 200 dollars if
you could by it for that
price.)
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North
Need for supplies &
food for troops caused
boom in North’s
economy
Manufacturing
increased
Say Cheese…
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Technology like the
camera gives us
images of the civil
war that we do not
have of earlier wars.
The Way to Victory
Section 5
Gettysburg…July 1863
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Lee led 75,000 confederates
North to the farming town of
Gettysburg, Penn.
Lasted 3 days
Over 46,000 casualties or
wounded
Turning point of Civil War
Union commander Gen.
George Meade
Union Victory
Lincoln gives Gettysburg
Address
"War means fighting. And fighting means killing."
- Nathan Bedford Forrest
Gettysburg
View from little
round top
Cemetery Ridge
Dead confederate at
Devil’s Den
The Bryan house
near scene Pickett’s
Charge
Haunted Gettysburg?
Joshua Chamberlain-Commander
20th Maine
"The pageant has passed. That day is over. But we linger,
loath to think we shall see them no more together — these
men, these horses, these colors afield."
- Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
Joshua Chamberlain: 20th Maine Regiment Commander
Dear Sir, I want to tell you a little passage in battle round top
Gettysburg, concerning you and me, which I am now glad of.
Twice in that fight I had your life in my hands. I got a safe place
between 2 rocks and drew bead fair and square on you. You were
standing in the open behind the center of your line full exposed. I
knew your rank by your uniform and your actions, and I thought it
a mighty good thing to put you out of the way. I rested my gun on
the rock and took steady aim. I started to pull the trigger, but some
strange notion stopped me. Then I got ashamed of my weakness
and went through the same motions again. I had you perfectly
certain, but this same strange something shut right down on me. I
couldn’t pull the trigger and gave it up, that is your life. I’m glad
of it now and hope you are.
Yours Truly,
A member of the 15th Alabama
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Vicksburg
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ironclad
May-July 1863
U.S. casualties 4,835
Confederate dead approx.
3,000
29,000 surrendered
Gen. Grant defeats
Confederate Gen. Pemberton
Confederates surrendered
Vicksburg on July 4th 1863,
Legends holds they didn’t
celebrate the 4th of July in
Vicksburg until after WWII
March to the Sea
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William Tecumseh
Sherman
Marched his Union Army from
Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia
destroying everything insight.
 Total Warfare
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"We cannot change the hearts of the people of the South, but we can
make war so terrible that they will realize the fact that however
brave and gallant and devoted to their country still they are mortal
and should exhaust all peaceful remedies before they fly to war."
- William Tecumseh Sherman
Sherman’s neckties
Sherman-the 1st modern General
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Sherman was not much on a field of
fight, but he was a superb
strategist. He would set things up so
that he would win no matter what
happened on the field. Sherman
was maybe the first truly modern
general. He was the first one to
understand that civilians were the
backers-up of things and that if you
went against civilians, you'd deprive
the army of what kept it going... He
had the real notion. He saw from
the very beginning how hard a war
it was going to be. And when he
said how hard a war it was going to
be, he was temporarily under
suspicion of insanity and then
brought back when they decided
that maybe he wasn't so crazy after
all.
Ulysses S. Grant
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1822-1885
Born Point Pleasant, Ohio
Civil War Hero(Union) Shiloh
& Vicksburg
President 1869-1877
Many of Grant’s cabinet
members where corrupt
When he left office he was
suffering from depression
Grant went bankrupt late in
life
Finished writing his memoirs
days before his death
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In 1861 Wilmer McLean distressed that a cannon
ball crashed through his home during the battle of
Bull Run, moved to a farm where “the sound of battle
would never again reach him and his family.” Almost
four years later, McLean’s Appomattox Court House
home was used for Lee’s surrender to Grant. There
wasn’t much damage from cannon balls, but
souvenir-hunting Union officers left McLean’s parlor
bare of furniture. Mclean often boasted as a result
"The Civil War began in my backyard and ended in
my front parlor."
Lee and the Confederacy
surrender…Appomattox Court House, VA
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Federal soldiers at Appomattox court
house 1865
On April 9th 1865 Lee
surrendered to Grant at
Appomattox Court
house
Generous terms from
Grant to Lee
Civil War is finally
over taking more
than 600,000 lives
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"I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the
downfall of a foe who had fought so long and
valiantly, and who had suffered so much for a
cause, though that cause was, I believe, one of the
worst for which a people ever fought, and one for
which there was the least excuse."
- General Ulysses S. Grant, recalling the
surrender at Appomattox Court House
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"Were these things real? Did I see those brave and noble
countrymen of mine laid low in death and weltering in their
blood? Did I see out country laid waste and in ruins? Did I see
soldier marching, the earth trembling and jarring beneath there
measured tread? Did I see the ruins of smoldering homes cities and
deserted homes? Did I see the flag of my country, that I had
followed so long, furled to be no more unfurled forever? Surely
they are but the vagaries of mine own imagination... But hush! I
now hear the approach of battle. That low, rumbling sound in the
West is the roar of cannon in the distance."
- Sam Watkins
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How did the Civil War effect our
Country? How did it change the
Government, the People?
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"Who knows but the old flags, ragged and torn,
snapping in the wind may face each other and
flutter, pursuing and pursued, while cries of
victory fill a summer day. And after the battle,
then the slain and wounded will rise, and all will
meet under the two flags, all sound and well, and
there will be talking and laughter and cheers, and
all will say, did it not seem real? Was it not as in
the old days?"
- Berry Benson, South Carolina civil war
veteran remembering the war in his last days.