Chapter 11 Section 1

From Bull Run to Antietam

Civil War

• • War between the Union states of the North and the Confederate states of the South 1861-1865

First Battle of Bull Run • • • • • 1st major battle of the Civil War 35,000 soldiers involved 2,900 union casualties Confederates suffered fewer than 2,000 casualties Confederate victory

Casualty

• Military term for those killed, wounded, missing or captured in battle

War of Attrition

• In this this type of war, one side inflicts continuous losses on the enemy in order to wear down its strength

Shell

• Devices that exploded in the air or when they hit something

Canister

• • A special type of shell filled with bullets.

Turned cannons into giant shotguns

Battle of Shiloh

• • • • • 1862 Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant were pushed back after the first day Urged to surrender but refused Attacked Confederates on the 2 nd day Union Victory

Battle of Shiloh

• • • • Union- 13,000 casualties Confederates- 11,000 casualties Bloodiest battle ever on the North American continent up to that time Ended union hopes of a quick war

Battle of Antietam

• • • • Lee decides to invade the North Union discovers Lee’s orders 12,000 die in first 3 hours of battle At day’s end – 12,000 union casualties – 14,000 Confederate casualties

Battle of Antietam

- Confederates retreat - Lincoln orders Union General McClellan to destroy the Confederates – McClellan does not

Battle of Antietam

• Becomes the bloodiest single day of the Civil War

Which side won the First Battle of Bull Run? Why?

• • The Confederacy Stonewall Jackson’s leadership and the arrival of fresh confederate troops just as the Union army was beginning to fall back guaranteed Confederate victory

What were the effects of the invention of new kinds of rifles, bullets, shells, and • canister?

They turned the tactic of attacking a position with massed troops into an act of slaughter

Briefly describe the war strategies of the North.

• • Implement “Anaconda plan by blockading the South and gaining control over the Mississippi River Seize Richmond

Briefly describe the war strategies of the South.

• • Fight a war of attrition Apply pressure on Great Britain and France to help by stopping cotton exports – South produced 75% of the world’s cotton