Transcript Framtidens civila jetmotorer

Future civil aircraft engines
Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Boeing ”superefficient airplane” 7E7
Two lobe body
gives more design
freedom for
passanger and
freight space
“Raked wingtip”
from 777300ER and
767-400ER
A-A
7/8 seats
wide
Long pods for
engines with mixed
flow ?
AA
AA
BPR~10
Nozzle from
CF34-10
Long slender wings
Composite
technology form the
Sonic Cruiser
Tail wedge from MD-11
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 2
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Range and passanger
450
400
7E7-domestic
close to 757
& A300/310
350
Seats
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
2000
A330 (also with new
engines) shorter
range than 7E7
767
7E7
A330
B777
757
7E7 gives
7E7s long range
A310
”777-range”
leaves a regions
A300
for
200-pass.
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000 New engine
around present 767
A330
ny motor
Range km
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777-200LR
not built yet
Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 3
class
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Engine Technology
RR TRENT 900
• Basically builds on
TRENT900/GP7000/GE90
• Small improvements
possible on compressor
and turbine
• Higher BPR ca 10, OPR
45-50
• Slowly moving fans
• Much emphasis on low
weight, aluminum
• More Electric Aircraft
• SFC approx 14.5 mg/Ns at cruise M=0.85
VAC
ICC
• Ca 8% better than CF6-80 on B767/A330
• Ca 2% better than TRENT900/GP7000/GE90-115
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 4
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Fuel consumption
0,04
7E7-baseline comsumes approx.
10-15% less than 767-300ER
9% less than A330-200
fuel l/pass km
0,035
0,03
0,025
domestic as 757 &
15-20% better than A300/310
0,02
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 12000
block distance km
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7E7-stretch comsumes approx.
14% less than A330-200 and
9% less than777-300ER
Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 5
Boeing 7E7 baseline
Boeing 7E7 stretch
Boeing 777 300ER
Boeing 767 300ER
Airbus 330 200
Boeing 7E7 domestic
Boeing 757 300
14000 Airbus
16000 300 600R
Airbus 310 300
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
How efficient is an engine ?
.
m fuel
L


 SFC(m flpl  mengine ) g /  Dnacelle 
D


SFC = vflight /( FHV tot )
tot = core transfer propulsive
thermal
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 6
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Engine type and exhaust velocity
Rolls-Royce Turbofan
BPR 7-8 vut = 400 m/s
GE UnDucted Fan
BPR  25 vut=280 m/s
MTU Geared Fan
BPR 14 vut=340 m/s
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 7
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Mach Number = 0 ... 1
T4_D iterated for cp_val7=5.6
Design Bypass
... 7
ZP13q2 Ratio
iterated=for14
V18q8id=0.8
Specific fuel consumption
SFC
20
Turbofan BPR 7
Shock losses
from fan blades
18
mg/Ns
16
7
14
Geared Fan
1%
14
BPR 14
12
Typical Cruise
Speed
M=0.78-0.85
10
8
Sp. Fuel Consumption [
2004-03-03
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Unducted Fan
6
4
BPR 25
0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1
1.2
Mach Number
Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 8
GasTurb 9.0
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Aircraft/Engine-parameters Affecting Certification Noise Data
Approach:
Correlates mainly with drag and
thrust needed during approach
Sideline:
Depends mainly on the emitted
sound energy from the jet.
The dominant factor is the total
installed thrust and to some extent
the jet specific thrust (jet velocity although the variation from engine
to engine is quite small)
Takeoff:
Depends mainly on the speed of
climb which sets the distance to
the measuring station [1/d^2] and
the power of the noise source (see
sideline).
The rate of climb is set by the
excess thrust/weight
Sideline
450 m off centre line
Approach
2500 m from runway start
Heathrow noise classification based on mean of sideline and takeoff 2-engine aircraft has more
Night landing restrictions from 2002: 95.9 EPNdBA
installed thrust than 4-engine
aircraft
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 9
Takeoff
6500m from brake release
Measuring points
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Driving Forces in Airline Engine Design
Stakeholder Needs and ”Wants”
• Travelers
• safety, cost of travel, speed, cabin noise and air quality
• Airlines
• safety, cost, fuel consumption, maintenance (cost)
• Aircraft integrators
• airframe compatibility, thrust, size & weight
• Airport neighbors
• safety, exterior noise
• Authorities, public
• safety, environmentally impacting emissions
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 10
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Fuel Efficiency Trends & Factors
• Since the fifties the fuel consumption of jetliners has been
decreased by more than 50% …
• … stemming from more efficient aircraft …
• Better aerodynamics
• More efficient packing
• New lighter materials and improved construction
• … & more efficient engines …
• Better materials & cooled turbines allowing higher
temperatures.
• Optimizing for higher temps  higher pressures.
• Arrival and optimization of the bypass turbofan.
• … but configuration changes have been few  component
technology has been pressed close to the limit.
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 11
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
New Engine Configurations
Advantages
• Geared fans
• Potentially lower weight
• Unducted fans (propfans)
• Higher propulsive efficiency
• Heat exchanged cycles
• Higher thermal efficiency through:
• recovery of unused thermal exhaust energy
• decrease of compression work
• Constant volume combustion
• Higher thermal efficiency
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 12
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
Engine Cycle Selection
• Aim for low operating cost
• Preliminary studies may aim to minimize
• engine+fuel weight
• take off weight
• Engine cycle must be translated into fuel burn, engine weight, installation
weight and drag
• Engine layout may be used to compute engine weight
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 13
Framtidens Civila Jetmotorer
The Positive Carousel Effect
Lower drag
Smaller,
lighter,
aircraft
Less
mission
fuel
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Volvo Aero Engines, Anders Lundbladh
2004-03-04, Slide 14
Lower
thrust
Smaller
engines