Verbs are Friends

Using Verb Tense

What are Verbs?

Are you bored? Do you daydream through most of the daylight hours? If so, is it possible that you lack the proper number of verbs in your life. Tests have shown without verbs, life becomes dull, drab, dreary and slow. You want action? Get your hands on a verb.

 Verbs move things—planets, people, cars, bikes, rollerblades, sentences of all kinds. In all of the following sentences, verbs provide the action, the movement:  Marvin slammed his finger in the door and howled, “Grab me some ice!”  Lisa snatched her briefcase off the counter and ran for the subway.

Verbs are everywhere!

 Take a ride and you will see them littering our highways:  STOP!

   GO!

MERGE! YIELD!

 Go shopping. Look at the signs in the store windows and above merchandise:  Buy now!

   SAVE!

CHARGE it! TEST DRIVE this beauty!

Verbs are friends.

  Verbs are a very important part of the English language. They are so important that every sentence HAS to have one! Without a verb, you don’t have action— and you don’t have a sentence, either.

We treat our friends well.

   If we have to use verbs to create a sentence, we need to make sure we use them correctly!

In order to use them correctly you’ve got to understand them. Bear with me here… I promise if you use this, it will make you a better writer!

Meet the Verb Tenses

      Simple Past: They walked Simple Present: They walk Simple Future: They will walk Perfect Past: They had walked Perfect Present : They have walked Perfect Future : They will have walked

Active v Passive

  Active voice  Uses an action verb Passive voice  Uses a be verb  am is are was were be being been

Active & Passive Present Tense

Present

Active: Passive • The company ships the computers to many foreign countries.

• Computers are shipped to many foreign countries

Present Perfect

  The present perfect consists of a past participle with "has" or "have." It designates action which began in the past but which continues into the present.

Present Perfect Examples

1. Betty taught for ten years. (simple past) 2. Betty has taught for ten years. (present perfect)  The implication in (1) is that Betty has retired; in (2), that she is still teaching.

1. John did his homework. He can go to the movies.

2. If John has done his homework, he can go to the movies.

A & P Present Perfect

Present Perfect

Active: • • Someone has made the arrangements for us.

• Passive: The arrangements have been made for us.

Active & Passive Past Tense

Active: • • The delivery man delivered

Past

Passive: • The package was delivered yesterday.

A & P Past Perfect

• Active:

Past Perfect

• They had given us visas for three months.

• Passive: They had been given visas for three months.

Past Perfect

 The action of the past perfect is action completed in the past before another action.

Past Perfect Examples

1. John raised vegetables and later sold them. (past) 2. John sold vegetables that he had raised. (past perfect) 

The vegetables were raised before they were sold.

1. Renee washed the car when George arrived (simple past) 2. Renee had washed the car when George arrived. (past perfect) 

In (1), she waited until George arrived and then washed the car. In (2), she had already finished washing the car by the time he arrived.

Active & Passive Future Tense

Active: • • Our representative will pick up the computer.

Future

Passive: • The computer will be picked up.

Future Perfect

 The future perfect tense designates action that will have been completed at a specified time in the future.

Future Perfect Examples

1. Saturday I will finish my housework. (simple future) 2. By Saturday noon, I will have finished my housework. (future perfect)

A & P Future Perfect

Future Perfect

Active: • By next month we will have finished this job.

• Passive: By next month this job will have been finished.

•

Review

1.

2.

Judy saved thirty dollars. Judy will save thirty dollars. (future) 3. Judy has saved thirty dollars. (present perfect) 4. Judy had saved thirty dollars by the end of last month. (past perfect) 5. Judy will have saved thirty dollars by the end of this month. (future perfect)

Controlling Shifts in Verb Tense

  Writing often involves telling stories. Sometimes we narrate a story as our main purpose in writing; sometimes we include brief anecdotes or hypothetical scenarios as illustrations or reference points in an essay.

Even an essay that does not explicitly tell a story involves implied time frames for the actions discussed and states described. Changes in verb tense help readers understand the relationships between events. Inconsistent shifts in tense can cause confusion.

Don’t Shift Verb Tense



General guideline: Do not shift from one tense to another if the time frame for each action is the same.

Example of Tense Shift

  About noon the sky darkened, a breeze sprang up, and a low rumble announces the approaching storm.

Darkened and sprang up are past tense verbs; announces is present but should be past (announced) to maintain consistency within the time frame.

 Corrected: About noon the sky darkened, a breeze sprang up, and a low rumble announced the approaching storm.

Example

  Yesterday we walk to school but later rode the bus home.

Walk is present tense but should be past to maintain consistency within the time frame (yesterday); rode is past, referring to an action completed before the current time frame.

 Corrected: Yesterday we walked to school but later rode the bus home.

Pick a Tense



General guideline: Pick a primary tense, and use occasional shifts to other tenses to indicate changes in time frame.

Bad verb tense

 The gravel crunched and spattered beneath the wheels of the bus as it swung into the station. Outside the window, shadowy figures peered at the bus through the darkness. Somewhere in the crowd, two, maybe three, people were waiting for me: a woman, her son, and possibly her husband. I could not prevent my imagination from churning out a picture of them, the town, and the place I will soon call home. Hesitating a moment, I rise from my seat, these images flashing through my mind. (adapted from a narrative)