Transcript Slide 1

THE MASS:
the Novus Ordo
Part VIIa: The Mass
of Vatican Council II;
Pope Paul VI, 1969
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Vatican Council II
Date:
Place:
Time:
The Second Vatican Council, which met between October
11, 1962 and December 8, 1965, was the 21st general
ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church.
St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City Europe
1962-1965
There were actually four separate sessions: October-December 1962,
September-December, 1963, September-November, 1964, and SeptemberDecember, 1965, all in St. Peter's Basilica. It was called by John XXIII, but
he died after only the first session and his successor, Paul VI, was left to
finish it.
This was the largest of the twenty-one ecumenical councils, with a total of
2,600 bishops from all over the world and a total of over 3,000 participants
including theologians and other experts.
This council had more observers from other religions and non-Catholic
Christian denominations than any other
Pope Paul VI
Missale Romanum - Promulgation of the Roman Missal
Revised by Decree of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council
3 April 1969
“The Missale Romanum was promulgated in 1570 by our predecessor
Saint Pius V, in execution of the decree of the Council of Trent.[1] It has
been recognized by all as one of the many admirable results that the
Council achieved for the benefit of the entire Church of Christ. For four
centuries it provided Latin-rite priests with norms for the celebration of the
Eucharistic sacrifice; moreover messengers of the Gospel brought this
Missal to almost the entire world. Innumerable holy men and women
nurtured their spiritual life on its readings from Scripture and on its prayer
texts. In large part these prayer texts owed their arrangement to Saint
Gregory the Great. . . .
The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, in the Constitution Sacrosanctum
Concilium, laid down the basis for the general revision of the Roman Missal:
“Both texts and rites should be drawn up so that they express more clearly
the holy things they signify”;[4] therefore, “the Order of Mass is to be revised
in such a way that the intrinsic nature and purpose of its several parts, as
also the connection between them, may be more clearly brought out, and
devout, active participation by the faithful more easily achieved.”[5] The
Council also decreed that “the treasures of the Bible are to be opened up
more lavishly, so that a richer share in God's word may be provided for the
faithful”;[6] and finally that “a new rite for concelebration is to be drawn up
and incorporated into the Roman Pontifical and Roman Missal.”[7] . . .
The effective date for what we have prescribed in this Constitution shall be
the First Sunday of Advent of this year, 30 November. We decree that these
laws and prescriptions be firm and effective now and in the future,
notwithstanding, to the extent necessary, the apostolic constitutions and
ordinances issued by our predecessors and other prescriptions, even those
deserving particular mention and amendment. . . .
Given at Rome, at Saint Peter’s, on Holy Thursday, 3 April 1969, the sixth
year of our pontificate.”
First: Clearing Up Misconceptions
1.
The Traditional Latin Mass [i.e., the Extraordinary Form] is a
product of the 16th century Council of Trent.
Not true: it dates back to the beginnings of Christianity; the Mass
of today was first created by St. Gregory the Great in the 5th century.
2. The Traditional Latin Mass was changed or replaced by Vatican II.
Not true: the new mass (Novus Ordo, the Ordinary Form) was crafted
after the Council by a liturgical commission and promulgated by Pope
Paul VI in 1969. Vatican II never abolished the Traditional Mass. The
Council stated that the use of Latin should be retained as far as
possible and that Gregorian chant should be preserved. It declared
that “since the use of the Mother tongue, whether in the Mass, the
administration of the sacraments, and other parts of the liturgy,
frequently may be of great advantage to the people, the limits of its
employment may be extended.” Although this provided for a limited
use of the vernacular, no mention was made of the total abolition of
Latin and the substitution of a vernacular mass in its place. The
Council had no intention of initiating a liturgical revolution and intended
only to introduce a “moderate English alongside the Latin” with no
thought of eliminating it.
3. The priest facing the people was introduced by Vatican II.
Not true: it became the unwritten practice in the Novus Ordo mass
without any directives from Vatican II or by the Missal of 1969. The
orientation towards the East (ad orientem) is ancient and is shared by
the Eastern Rites of the Catholic Church as well as by the Orthodox
Church. Cardinal Ratzinger said in his book The Spirit of the Liturgy that
the priest in facing the congregation is tempted “to be an actor.” The
Mass is not a performance so there is no place for applause. The Mass
is a sacrifice-meal and must transcend the personality of the priest.
4. The practice of receiving Communion in-the-hand was called for
by Vatican II.
Not true: this sprang up as an abuse and was subsequently accepted
by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops in 1977 by a slim majority.
This indult can be withdrawn at any time.
5. The Mass in the vernacular was introduced by Vatican II.
Not true: the official language of the Novus Ordo is Latin and the Mass
may be celebrated in either Latin or English.
Certainly, the vast majority of the several thousand bishops at the Council
neither wished for, nor mandated, a radical reform of the liturgy. It
was never the intention to abandon the use of Latin, Gregorian chant, or
requiring the celebrant to face the people. Nothing had been said about
standing to receive Communion in the hand, or the use of altar girls. No
mention had been made about the use of multiple Canons – in the Roman
rite there had always been one Eucharistic prayer.
The many changes in the liturgy were for the most part made after
Vatican II. Interpretation of the Council’s intent was motivated by what
became known as the Spirit of Vatican II.
The Motu Proprio, Summorum Pontificum issued by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007, defined
two equal usages of the Roman rite. It is therefore permissible to celebrate the Sacrifice of
the Mass either by following the typical edition of the Roman Missal promulgated by Bl.
John XXIII in 1962 or by using the liturgy of the Novus Ordo Missae of Pope Paul VI (1969).
These two equal and co-existing usages of the Roman Rite are:
THE ORDINARY FORM, [the Forma Ordinaria,] the Novus Ordo Missae, of Paul VI
(1969)
THE EXTRAORDINARY FORM, [the Forma Extraordinaria,] the Mass of Blessed John
XXIII (1962), also known as the usus antiquior, Gregorian Mass, Tridentine Mass,
or Traditional Latin Mass.
The Novus Ordo Mass
The Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum, [5] (http://www.catholicforum.com/saints/pope0262r.htm) promulgating the 1970 Roman Missal,
singled out for special mention the following changes:
I. Three new canons or Eucharistic prayers were added to the single
one that the Roman rite previously used. The only obligatory alteration
to the traditional Roman Canon was that, at the consecration, the
words “Mysterium fidei” were removed from the context of the words
of Christ. They are now said by the priest as an introduction to an
acclamation by the faithful.
II. The rites indicated in the Ordo Missae were “simplified, with due
care to preserve their substance”; “elements which with the passage
of time came to be duplicated or were added with but little advantage”
were eliminated; and “other elements which suffered injury through
accidents of history” were restored “to the earlier norm of the holy
Fathers” (a phrase echoing Pope Paul V’s Bull Quo Primum [6]
(http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius05/p5quopri.htm).
The phrases here enclosed in quotation marks come from the Second
Vatican Council’s Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy. [7]
(http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/docume
nts/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html)
[8] (http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/v2litur.htm)
III. A much larger portion of the holy Scriptures is read to the people:
the present three readings (four, if you count the Psalm) over three
years of Sundays more than quadruple the previous two readings in a
single-year cycle; and, in addition, a two-year cycle of readings from
Scripture has been assigned to weekdays, which previously, except
for Lent and a few other days, had only a repetition of the previous
Sunday’s readings.
In addition to these three changes, the Apostolic Constitution Missale
Romanum, [9] mentions that the revision considerably modified other
sections of the Roman Missal, such as the Proper of Seasons, the Proper
of Saints, the Common of Saints, Ritual Masses and Votive Masses,
adding that “[the] number [of the prayers] has been increased, so that the
new forms might better correspond to new needs, and the text of older
prayers has been restored on the basis of the ancient sources.”
The Mass of the Priest was brought more into line with the Mass of the
Bishop, so that the first half of the Mass was optionally said from the
Priest's chair, much as the Bishop would from his throne in the previous rite
of the Mass.
At the part of the Mass known as the “Offertory” where the wine and water
are brought to the altar, this was allowed to be done as a procession.
The Kiss of Peace ritual was extended to even a low mass and was
extended so that the laypeople could be involved. Instead of the
kiss/embrace technique as previously used, a handshake was allowed for
this ritual.
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
2000
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
In 1962, Pope John XXIII issued a new typical edition of the
Latin Roman Missal. This incorporated the revised Code of Rubrics
which Pope Pius XII’s commission had prepared, and which Pope
John XXIIII had made obligatory with effect from 1 January 1961.
In the Missal this Code of Rubrics replaced two of the documents
in the 1920 edition; and the Pope’s motu proprio Rubricarum
instructum took the place of the superseded the Apostolic
Constitution Divino Afflatu of Pope Pius X.
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
2000
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
In 1965 and 1967 some changes were officially introduced into the
Roman Rite liturgy of the Mass in the wake of decisions of the Second
Vatican Council, but no new edition of the Roman Missal was
produced to incorporate them. They were reflected in the provisional
vernacular translations produced in various countries when the
language of the people began to be used in addition to Latin. References
sometimes met in an English-language context to “the 1965 Missal”
concern these temporary vernacular productions, not the Roman Missal
itself. Even countries that had the same language used different
translations and varied in the amount of vernacular admitted.
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
In 1969, a new edition of the Roman Missal implementing the
Council's decisions was promulgated by Pope Paul VI with the
Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum of April 3rd. The full text of
the revised Missal was not published until the following year, and full
vernacular translations appeared much later, but parts of the
Missal in Latin were already available since 1964 in non definitive
form and provisional translations appeared without delay
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
In 1973, the International Commission on English in the Liturgy
quickly prepared an English translation of the 1970 Roman
Missal, which was approved by the individual English-speaking
episcopal conferences and, after being reviewed by the Holy See,
was put into effect in each of their countries, beginning with the
United States in 1973.
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
In 1975, a new typical edition, the second with minor changes
followed.
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
In 2000, Pope John Paul II approved yet another typical
edition, which appeared in 2002, with the indication “Editio Typica
Tertia” (Third Typical Edition).
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
On 28 March 2001, the Holy See issued the Instruction Liturgiam
authenticam, which included the requirement that, in translations of
the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, “the original text,
insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most
exact manner, without omissions or additions in terms of their
content, and without paraphrases or glosses. Any adaptation to the
characteristics or the nature of the various vernacular languages is
to be sober and discreet.”
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
In 2002, the third typical edition of the revised Roman Missal in
Latin was released. These two texts made clear the need for a
new official English translation of the Roman Missal,
particularly because the previous one was at some points an
adaptation rather than strictly a translation. An example is the
rendering of the response “Et cum spiritu tuo” (literally, “And with
your spirit”) as “And also with you.”
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
In 2008, a corrected reprint of that edition (“Editio Typica Tertia
Emendata”), issued under Pope Benedict XVI, corrected misprints
and some other mistakes (such as the insertion at the beginning of
the Apostles'’ Creed of “unum,” as in the Nicene Creed). A
supplement gives celebrations, such as that of Saint Pio of
Pietrelcina, added to the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints after
the initial printing of the 2002 typical edition.
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
VATICAN COUNCIL II
1959
1962
1960
JOHN XXIII
1958-1963
1965
1970
PAUL VI
1963-78
1980
JOHN PAUL I
1978
1990
2000
JOHN PAUL II
1978-2005
Accordingly, the International Commission for English in the
Liturgy prepared, less hurriedly than the first time, a new
English translation of the Roman Missal, the completed form of
which received the approval of the Holy See in April 2010. In
most English-speaking countries, the national episcopal
conference decided to put the new translation into use from the
first Sunday of Advent (November 27, 2011).
2010 2011
BENEDICT XVI
2005New Translation
of the Mass
November 27, 2011
We are here.
Pope Benedict XVI
“Many will find it hard to adjust to unfamiliar texts after nearly forty years of
continuous use of the previous translation. The change will need to be
introduced with due sensitivity, and the opportunity for catechesis that it
presents will need to be firmly grasped. I pray that in this way any risk of
confusion or bewilderment will be averted, and the change will serve
instead as a springboard for a renewal and a deepening of Eucharistic
devotion all over the English-speaking world.” (To the Members and
Consultors of the Vox Clara Committee, April 28, 2010)
Greeting
Penitential Rite
Kyrie
Gloria
Opening Prayer
First Reading
Responsorial Psalm
Second Reading
Gospel Acclamation
Gospel
Homily
Profession of Faith
General Intercessions
Liturgy of the Word
MASS OF POPE PAUL VI: 1969
Preparation of the Altar and the Gifts
Prayer over the Gifts
Eucharistic Prayer
Preface
Acclamation - "Sanctus Sanctus Sanctus“
Pre-consecration Epiclesis
Consecration - bread and wine into Body and Blood of Christ
Memorial Acclamation
Anaphora
Post-consecration Epiclesis and Intercessions
Concluding Doxology
Lord’s Prayer
Sign of Peace
Breaking of the Bread - "Agnus Dei“
Communion
Prayer after Communion
The Liturgy of the Eucharist
Blessing
Dismissal
Conclusion of the Mass
End of
The History of the Mass:
The Mass of Vatican Council II, Part VIIa
Go to
The History of the Mass:
The Mass of Vatican Council II, Part VIIb