Transcript Manual Sport Chairs

BlazeSports Institute
for Applied Science
CDSS Level I & II Curriculum
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Manual Sport Chairs: Sizing,
Fitting, Transfers,
Maintenance and Repair
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We would like to thank
Brock Beasley, ATP, RRTS, CDSS
of Alliance Seating and Mobility
for his contributions to the content of
this presentation.
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WHAT WE’LL COVER
 Common types of manual sports chairs
 Components of sports chairs
 Proper fit = PERFORMANCE
 Routine maintenance
 Tools needed
 Transfer safety
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COMMON TYPES OF MANUAL
SPORTS CHAIRS
 Court Chairs
 Basketball
 Softball
 Football
 Tennis
 Rugby
 Dance
 Racing Chairs
 Racing Wheelchair
 Handcycle
 Fourcross
 Field Chairs
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COMMON TYPES OF MANUAL
SPORTS CHAIRS
• Rigid, Custom Fit
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Designed to fit your body and your specifications
Dimensions and accessories per your specifications
Advanced materials
Purchased after at least one year of trial and error with a
adjustable chair
• Adjustable
– Perfect for program chairs
– Allows for changes in dump, backrest height and center
of gravity
– Once chair can fit many different athletes/sports
– NOT infinitely adjustable, still need to have a “typical”
athlete in mind if ordering for a program
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BASKETBALL CHAIRS
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TENNIS CHAIR
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SOFTBALL
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FOOTBALL
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RUGBY
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DANCE CHAIR
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COURT CHAIR BASICS
1.Backrest
2. Rear Axle
3. Rear Wheels
4. Hand rims
5. Seat
6. Frame
7. Traverse Bar
8 Front Rigging
9.Footrests
10.Front Casters
11. Anti-Tip Casters
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BACKRESTS
• Program chairs should have an adjustable height
and angle backrest
– Height should be set to allow for support while
maximizing functional ability
• More function = lower backrest
– Angle should be set for player comfort
• Less function = Angle > 90 degrees
• Upholstery should be adjustable to allow for
tension adjustments
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CUSHIONS
• The Sport Cushion gives wheelchair
users pressure relief, reduces shearing and
increases ventilation that allows for true heat and
moisture control.
• There are cushion height limitations in wheelchair
basketball.
• Program chairs need to have cushions cleaned
and maintained on a regular basis.
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REAR WHEELS
• Four Basic Sizes for Court Chairs
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Wheel size determined by frame size
24” = 23 or 25 x 540 Tube/Tire
25” = 23 or 25 x 559 Tube/Tire
26” = 23 or 25 x 590 Tube/Tire
700C = 23 x 622 Tube/Tire
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REAR WHEELS
• Parts of a Wheel
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Rim
Spokes
Bearings
Hub
Check spoke
tension daily
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Tighten as
needed to
keep wheel
true
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HAND RIMS
• Options
– Coated or Bare Metal
• Vinyl or Foam Coated
– Aluminum or Titanium
– 12-Tab or 6-Tab
– Standard or Short Tab
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QUICK RELEASE AXLES
• Sizes
– 4.5” to 5.5” by 0.25” Increments
• Length determined by hub size
• Adjustment
– Nut
– Spacers/Washers
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INNER TUBES
• Sizes
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24” x 1 = 23 or 25 x 540 Tube/Tire
25” x 1 = 23 or 25 x 559 Tube/Tire
26” x 1 = 23 or 25 x 590 Tube/Tire
700C x 1 = 23 x 622 Tube/Tire
• Valves
– Schrader
– Presta
• Adapter for standard pumps
• Rim Tape
– Protects tube
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INNER TUBES
• Pressure
– 100 to 110 psi
• In a Bind…..
– You can use larger tubes on smaller tires by folding the
tube over itself
– You can typically use one size smaller tube (24” tube on
a 25” wheel)
• Recycle
Used tubes make great straps for rugby!!
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TIRES
• Tires are NOT All Equal!!
– Kenda is manufacturer of choice
• Kontender
• Koncept
• Kaliente
– Know the
cheappies!
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TIRES
• Invest
– Spend a little more now for fewer problems later
• More puncture resistant
• More durable tread
• Better traction
– In a Bind…
• Flip the tire (remove from rim and put inside on outside
of rim) when one side is work out, similar to rotating the
tires on your car
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CHANGING TIRES & TUBES
http://youtu.be/x2_Qspr9Bog
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FRONT CASTERS
• Material
– Solid Polyurethane
• Size
– 3” & 4”
• Hardware
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Wheelchair Caster Bolt Nut (5/16-24)
Wheelchair Caster Bolt (5/16-24 x 2.5)
Spacer for Wheelchair Front Axle – Caster
5/16" Sealed Wheelchair Caster Bearings
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ANTI-TIP BARS
• Single & Double Configuration
– Choice depends on sport and position
– Adjust height as needed
– Standard on most court chairs
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STRAPPING
• Click Straps
• Size
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Large = Hips
Medium = Thighs
Small = Feet
• Velcro Straps
• Size
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Standard and Custom
• Use anywhere
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SIZING AND FITTING A
SPORTS CHAIR
Standard Sports Chair
• Seat Dimensions
– Width, Depth, Dump
• Back Dimensions
– Height, Angle
• Camber of Wheels
– Sport
– Stability of chair
– Controlling movement
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SIZING AND FITTING A
SPORTS CHAIR
• Seat Depth
Measure from the most posterior point of the body to the
inside of the knee, minus at least two inches.
• Seat Width
Determined by the widest point of the body from knee to hip.
Should be measured with clothing similar to what will be worn
during activity.
• Back Height
Measured from the seat base to the top of the chair back.
Depends on how much upper back support is needed, and
also affects freedom for the upper body to rotate. This is often
very different for a sports chair compared to an everyday
chair. Athletes with less trunk function may also want the
backrest angled.
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SIZING AND FITTING A
SPORTS CHAIR
• Rear Seat to Floor
Measurement from the ground to the rear seat edge. Relative to the front
seat-to-floor dimension, this determines the rearward slope ("dump" or
"squeeze") of the seat.
• Front Seat to Floor
Measure the leg from the back of the knee to the sole of the foot. Then
subtract the thickness of the cushion when it is compressed. Next, add a
minimum of two inches for footrest clearance. This will set the maximum
chair height, not to exceed 21” or 53 cm.
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SIZING AND FITTING A
SPORTS CHAIR
• Wheel Camber
Angle of the wheel relative to the vertical. More camber
improves stability and agility, but also limits ability to pass
through narrow spaces. A typical daily chair uses three
degrees of camber.
• Sport Chair Camber Options
– 12, 15, 16, 18, 20 Degrees
• Tennis = 18-20 degrees
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FIELD CHAIRS
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FIELD CHAIRS
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FIELD CHAIR ACCESSORIES
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RACING CHAIRS
A complete training manual for track
and field is available online and free of
charge from BlazeSports.
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PARTS OF A RACING CHAIR
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Cage: The seating area of a racing chair. It is built according to an
athlete’s body dimensions.
Main Tube: The base of the racing chair that bridges the front wheel
with the rear wheels.
Axle Tube: The tube running perpendicular to the main tube into
which the rear wheels attach.
Headset: Attaches the steering and front wheel to the main tube.
Handle Bars: Attached to the headset and allows the athlete to
maneuver the front wheel.
Fork: Attached to the headset and serves to hold the front wheel.
Hand Ring: A ring mounted onto the rear wheels used for propulsion.
Hub: Axle housing and center of wheel.
Fenders: Side guards that provide protection for the torso and arms
from road debris and the rear wheels.
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PARTS OF A RACING CHAIR
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FITTING A RACING CHAIR
• Extension of the athlete's body
– Oversized chair wastes energy
• Fit snug to athlete’s chest and hips
– Should not create constant rubbing or restricted blood
flow
• Manufacturer’s Order Forms
– Typically easy to understand but ALWAYS ask, do not
assume
– Use manufacturer’s rep when possible
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TYPICAL MEASUREMENTS
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THE RIGHT POSITION
• No two athletes are the same
• Primary position determinants
– Body Dimensions
– Functional Ability
• Two seating Options
– Tucked, kneeling
– Extended
• Goals
– Optimal sitting stability
• Angle of back seat posts and upholstery should conform to
curvature of lower back
– Maximum coverage of hand ring
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CAMBER
• Camber
– 7-13 Degrees, 11 to 13 most popular
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WHEELS
• Wheels
– Rear = 700C
– Front = 20”
– Younger/Smaller Athletes
• Rear = 26” (590)
• Front = 18”
– Spokes
• Younger/Lighter = 24-28 spokes
• Older/Heavier = 28-36 spokes
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WHEELS
• Wheels
– Elite
• Carbon Fiber
– Tri-spoke
– Quad-spoke
– Disc
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HAND RINGS
• Size
– 10 to 16”
• Most Common
– 14” Females
– 14.5” Males
– Carbon Fiber
– Benefits
• Smaller = High Top Speed
• Larger = Quicker Acceleration
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HAND RINGS
• Stand Offs
– 1/16 to 1.5”
– Contact
• Inside of ring use shorter stand off
• Outside of ring use longer stand off
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TIRES
• 2 Types
– Clincher
• Separate tube and tire casing
– Sew-Up
• Tube and tire casing single unit
– Similarities
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Performance
Profile (18mm)
Weight (165gm)
High Pressure (130 psi)
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TIRES
• Differences
– Clincher
• Less maintenance
• Install similar to court chair tire
• Repairable for < $10
– Sew-Up
• Glue on
• Choice of elite racers for ease of tire change
• NOT repairable, new tire > $60
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HANDCYCLES & FOURCROSS
• Types
– Function
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Recreational
Touring
Racing
Off-Road
Downhill
– Seating
• Upright, Recumbent, Kneeler
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HANDCYCLES & FOURCROSS
• Types
– Steering
• Fork
• Lean
– Seating
• Upright
• Recumbent
• Kneeler
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HANDCYCLES & FOURCROSS
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HANDCYCLE FITTING
• Typical Dimensions
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6.
7.
Seat Width
Wheel Base
Crank Height
Crank to Front Axle
Crank to Backrest
Back Height
Camber
•
0, 3 or 6 degrees
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HANDCYCLE FITTING
• Typical Dimensions
8. Crank Length
9. Crank Width
10. Footrest Width
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TOOL BAG
• Tool Bag Inventory for One Athlete
– Tire/Tube Changing Tools
• Tire Levers x 3
• Bead Jack
• Rim Tape
• Presta Valve Adapter x 3
• Pump
– Electric, Manual or CO2
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TOOL BAG
• Tool Bag Inventory for One Athlete
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Phillips Screwdriver
Flathead Screwdriver
Spoke Wrench
Vice Grips
Crescent Wrench (at least 10”)
Standard Allen Keys
Metric Allen Keys
Thread Seal Tape
Tape Measure
Super Glue
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TOOL BAG
• Tool Bag Inventory for One Athlete
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Rear Wheel Axle
Flat File
Rear wheel spacers – x 5
3/8 Lock Nut x 4
3/8” Wrench
7/16” Wrench
3/4” Wrench
Packing Tape
Athletic Tape
Hockey Tape
Cable Ties – 14” x 100
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TOOL BAG
• Tool Bag Inventory for One Athlete
– Racing Supplies
• Allen Head Bolts – Steering Handles and Steering Collar x 2
each
• Glove Rubber
• Hand Ring Rubber
• Tire Glue
• Klister
• Sandpaper
• Headset SpacersAllen Head Bolts – Front Wheel x 2
• Allen Head Bolts – Hand Ring Tab x 8
• Allen Head Bolt Spacers – Hand Ring Tab x 16
• 3/4 Compensator Nut or 5/8 Compensator Nut x 2
• Presta Valve Extender x 2
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MAINTENANCE
• Maintenance is the key to many years of use
– Very importance for personal chairs and program chairs
• Priority #1 – Keep Your Chair Clean!!
– Stay healthy
– Easier to detect problems
• Suggested maintenance tasks that every
wheelchair owner/program should follow:
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MAINTENANCE
• Daily/Each Use
– Clean upholstery
– Check frame for cracks
– Check tire pressure
• Inflation guidelines are on the outside of the tire (usually
100 psi). A quick check method is to pinch the outer walls
of the tire – it should be firm.
– Check nuts and bolts and tighten as needed
• Only replace bolts with those of the same grade or
strength rating.
– Check casters and rear wheels for obstructions to bearings
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MAINTENANCE
• Weekly
– Check casters and forks
• Clean, free spinning, wear, damage
– Check rear wheels
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Spokes intact and tight
Rims are in good condition
Hand rim tabs intact, no gouges
Clean axle housing and around the bearing
Wipe axles with a clean towel that contains a few
drops of oil
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MAINTENANCE
• Monthly
– Wheel alignment
• Toe in / toe out. If your wheelchair tends to veer to
one side while coasting, it could very well be that
your wheels are out of alignment or that your spokes
have become loose or damaged
– Frame
• If you have not done this daily, inspect the chair
frame and all critical components for cracks – these
should be reported to dealer as they may require
welding or the entire frame may need to be replaced.
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MAINTENANCE
• As Needed
– Upholstery
• Check your for cracks or tears where the fabric holds
or where there are screws in the fabric.
• Wipe down your seat cushion daily, if the cover is
removable wash separately each month.
– Tires
• Replace tires when the tread becomes worn,
cracked, loose or when the side walls begin to bulge
out when pumped with air.
• Tires that are only worn on one side but in otherwise
good condition can be flipped.
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MAINTENANCE
• Annually
– Lubricate
• Pivot points - use an all-purpose silicone lube spray
• Ball bearings
– Casters
• Check your casters for cracks in the spokes that may
eventually cause the caster to collapse
• Check for excessive or uneven wear between front
casters
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TRANSFERS
• When assisting with a transfer:
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Ask if the person needs assistance transferring
Ask how they would like to transfer
Talk through the transfer before you start
Ask the person being transferred if they have any medical
issues you need to be aware of
– Bend your knees while transferring. Move from your hips
and legs. Do not move people using your back.
– Do not leave your feet in place and twist your body at the
waist during a transfer.
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TRANSFERS
• When assisting with a transfer:
– Keep your arms in close to your body rather than
stretching them out during a transfer. Place your feet as
wide apart as your hips.
– Keep your back curved rather than holding it straight. Do
not bend your head forward during a transfer.
– Never let the person you are moving hold or hug you
around your neck while you are moving them.
– Stand very close to the person while transferring them.
– Plan your path/movements.
– Use your body's momentum (force gained by moving) to
move the person.
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INDEPENDENT TRANSFERS
• Unassisted/Independent Transfer:
– Spot new participants to ensure they are capable and
safe.
– Have extra padding available.
– Sport chair can be backed up against wall for stability.
– Set brakes on everyday chair if applicable.
– Show participant where to place hands on sport chair,
• AND where NOT to place hands
– Scoot up in chair to prepare for transfer.
– Move feet into position first.
– Complete transfer.
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INDEPENDENT TRANSFERS
• Videos
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Chair Transfer Unassisted http://vimeo.com/23354352
Chair Transfer Partial Assist http://vimeo.com/23354232
Chair Transfer, Two-Person http://vimeo.com/23354171
Chair Transfer, Two-Person http://vimeo.com/23354100
Chair Transfer Back http://vimeo.com/23334767
Chair Transfer Back, Two-Person http://vimeo.com/23334632
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INDEPENDENT TRANSFERS
• Videos
– Chair to Racing Chair Transfer
– Racer to Chair
– Handcycle Transfers
• Upright
• Recumbent I, Recumbent II
– ATV
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SUMMARY
• One court chair can be used for many different sports and
activities
– While the set up for each activity may be a little different, the same
general rules apply to sizing and fitting
• Racing chairs and handcycles have their own criteria for
sizing and fitting
– Use the manufacturer’s rep if at all possible
• There are a number of tools that should be kept in a well
stocked tool bag, don’t leave home without being
prepared for anything!
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SUMMARY
• There are many components to a sports chair and they all
need to be maintained on a regular basis
– Have your athletes be responsible for the upkeep of program chairs
• Transfers to sport chairs can be a difficult and daunting task
for newly injured athletes
– Know the proper process(es) to assist with transfers
– Know the proper process for an independent transfer
• Have the athletes verbalize the process
– Spot all transfers until you are confident they can be done properly
and safely
– Have new staff and volunteers pass a skill check before assisting
with transfers
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HAVE FUN!
• Keeping ALL of your equipment:
your body, mind and your chair in the
best condition possible will make
sure you can stay in the game and
follow your dreams!
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REFERENCES
Morse, M., Hedrick, B., Hedrick, S., Figoni, S., & Little, J.
(1995). Wheelchair Track & Field. Colorado Springs, CO:
Wheelchair Sports, USA.
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