Transcript The Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution
1917 - 1921
Fall of the Tsar (Czar?)
• The __________________________
– Russia’s Congress
• Criticizes the war effort in 1916
• Tsar Nicholas II closes it down
Rasputin
– _____________________________
• Mystic monk
• Claimed to be able to heal Alexi’s
____________________________________
• Influenced royal couple
– Nicholas goes to the front, leaving wife and
Rasputin in charge
• December 29, 1916
– Relatives invite Rasputin to dinner
Creepy?
While at Dinner
• Relatives poison and shoot Rasputin
– HE DOESN’T DIE
– Throw his body in the Neva River
Problems Continue
• _______________________________
– Where’s my Beef Stroganoff?
• _______________________________
• Military told to fire at protestors
– won’t fire and join protestors
Tsar Steps Aside
• March 15, 1917
–Tsar Nicholas II ends the
___________________________
dynasty and steps down
• Romanovs had been in power for
__________________________
Provisional Government
• Liberals call for elections
– Mostly members of the Duma
– Saw the need for support from the Petrograd
Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies
• Socialistic groups
– ___________________________________________ –
moderates
– ___________________________________________ –
radicals
• Run by Alexander Kerensky
– Member of the Petrograd Soviet
Kerensky
Provisional Government (con’t)
• Does not pull out of
__________________________________
– Desertion grows, economy drops
– Could not make changes that the Soviets
wanted – BIG PROBLEM
Lenin to the rescue
Lenin’s Tomb
Vladimir Ilyich (Lenin)
• Lenin’s Big Brother, Alexander Ilyich, tries to kill Tsar
Alexander Romanov (Father of Nicholas II)
– Alexander fails and is sentenced to hanging by the Tsar
• Lenin vows to lead revolution against the Romanovs
• Lenin exiled to prison in Siberia (1895)
– Lenin goes to Germany after his release
• Germany sends Lenin back to Russia after Nicholas abdicates
the throne (Why?)
– To distract the Tsar from his WWI war efforts
Lenin’s Work
• Promised “Peace, Land, Bread”
– Get Russia out of WWI
– Peasants would get land
– Everyone gets enough to eat
• “ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS”
– Soviets (committees) should be the nation’s only
government
– No other political parties allowed
Karl Marx
• German philosopher who wrote Communist Manifesto with
Englishman Richard Engels
– Detailed theory of Historical Materialism
• All history was a fight between the bourgeise (haves) and the
proletariat (have nots)
– Proletariat – working peasant class
– Bourgeisie – wealthy noble landowner
• Bourgeisie would never willingly give wealth and power to the
Proletariat
• Proletariate would have to revolt to overthrow the Bourgeisie
• Largely influenced Lenin and Trotsky
The Revolution
• Summer 1917
– Gov’t issues warrants
for Bolshevik leaders
• Fall 1917
– Bolsheviks control
Petrograd Soviet
through elections
• November 1917
– Storm communication,
train, and electric hubs
– Turn the guns of the
Aurora on the Tsarist
palace
– Provisional
Government surrnders
What Happened Next
• Elections held
– ___________________________________ seats
– ___________________________________ seats
420
225
• ________________________________
dissolve gov’t the next day
– Seize power under Lenin
“_______________________________________”
• Signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
– Russia gives Baltic provinces, Ukraine, and Poland to Germany
Civil War
• White (Mensheviks)
– Opposed Bolsheviks
– Could be
• _________________ –
want to restore the
Romanovs
• __________________
– want a capitalistic
democracy
• __________________
– want democracy and
state run economy
• Red
– Bolsheviks
• Begin to call
themselves communist
• Choose red as color of
revolution
• Very
__________________
politically
• No private ownership
• One party system
Mensheviks get help
• Allies want to get rid of Bolsheviks
– Bring _____________________________
back into WWI with Germany
– Give soldiers and money to Mensheviks
Why the Reds Win
• Leon Trotsky
– Reorganized the ___________________________________
• Restored discipline
• Fostered loyalty
– Taught soldiers how to read an write
• Lack of unity on ______________________________________
– Different groups didn’t trust one another
• Lenin used terror
– ________________________________________________ –
secret police arrests anyone who is “enemy of the revolution”
• Leon Trotsky
– Returns from
________________________
for Russ. Rev.
– Right Hand Man of Lenin
• Lenin was not anti-semitic
– Exiled to Siberia by
______________________
• Escapes, moves to
Mexico
• Friends with Frida Kahlo
• Stalin’s assassins kills him
with an ice pick
End of the Romanov Dynasty
•
July 1918
– ________________________
orders soldiers to kill the Tsar
and his family. Why?
• Family was exiled in
Siberia
– Told they were going
to get a family portrait
– Taken to basement of
their home and shot
– Ended 300 year rule
– _________________
– Still Alive?????
The Royal Family
Lenin and Religion
• Lenin sees religion as against the
revolution
– Places sever restrictions on the Russian
______________________________ Church
Ending the Civil War
•
__________________________________
control entire country by 1921
• White armies surrender in 1921 due to
disorganization, lack of equipment, etc.
• Lenin and the
____________________________ WINS
Next Up
•STALIN!!
Stalin (1879–1953)
• Soviet
_____________________
leader, who more than any
other individual molded the
features that characterized the
Soviet regime and shaped the
direction of post-World War II
Europe.
• Stalin is considered by some
to have been the most
_____________________and
influential political figure of the
20th century.
Map of Russia – former USSR
Stalin Cont…
• Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, as he was originally
named—he adopted the pseudonym Stalin, meaning “a
man of steel,” only about 1910—was born on Dec. 21,
1879, in Gori, now in the
_________________________________.
• Both his parents were Georgian peasants. Neither of
them spoke Russian, but Stalin was forced to learn it, as
the language of instruction.
• When he attended the Gori church school in 1888–94.
The best pupil in the school, Soso (his schoolboy
nickname) earned a full
_____________________________ to the Tbilisi
Theological Seminary.
Stalin The Revolutionary
• While studying for the priesthood, Stalin read forbidden literature,
including ______________________________ Das Kapital, and
soon converted to a new orthodoxy: Russian Marxism. Before
graduation he quit the seminary to become a full-time revolutionary.
• Stalin began his career in the Social-Democratic party in 1899 as a
propagandist among Tbilisi railroad workers. The police caught up
with him in 1902.
• Arrested in Batum, he spent more than a year in prison before being
exiled to ________________________, from which he escaped in
1904. This became a familiar pattern.
• Between 1902 and 1913 Stalin was arrested
____________________________________________ times; he
was exiled seven times and escaped six times. The government
contained him only once; his last exile in 1913 lasted until 1917.
•
•
•
On his return from Siberia in 1904
Stalin married. His first wife,
Yekaterina Svanidze, died in 1910.
A second wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva
(1902–32), whom he married in 1919,
committed suicide in 1932.
Their daughter,
___________________________Allilu
yeva (born Svetlana Iosifovna Stalina
in 1926, in Moscow; married name
Lana Peters), defected to the West
years later, in 1967.
–
She became a U.S. citizen and wrote
several books, including
___________________________(1967
), an account of her life as Stalin’s
daughter. The HBO movie Stalin is
based on this book.
Lenin 1870 -1924
• Before his death, Lenin came
to regard the
_____________________ in
Stalin’s personality and
conduct as political liabilities.
In his political “testament”
• Lenin doubted whether the
party’s general secretary
would use his great power with
sufficient caution. He also
attacked Stalin as being
________________ and called
for his removal. Luck and
maneuvering enabled Stalin to
suppress Lenin’s testament.