Chapter 15: Living Planet
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Transcript Chapter 15: Living Planet
Chapter 15:
Living Planet
Section 15-3:
Earth’s Biomes
What is a biome?
It is an ecosystem defined by its climax
community.
The type of ecosystem in a particular part of
the world partially depends on the climate of
that region.
There are 2 categories of biomes: terrestrial
and aquatic
Terrestrial (Land) Biomes
Tundra
Tropical Rain Forest
Desert
Grassland
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Taiga
Tundra
Tundra
Found near North Pole
Coldest terrestrial biome
Abiotic factors:
– Temps from -40 to 50 ° F
– Annual precipitation less than 25 cm
(10 in)
– Permafrost just beneath the surface
(frozen ground)
Tundra
Biotic factors:
– Simple vegetation – no trees, mostly
grasses, sedges, low flowering herbs and
lichens
– Animals include the arctic hare, lemming,
arctic fox, musk ox, and snowy owl
Tundra Animals
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Near the equator
Greatest species diversity
Abiotic factors:
– Temps ranging from 68 to 86 ° F
– Annual precipitation greater than 200 cm
(usually 80-400 in)
Tropical Rain Forest
Biotic factors:
– Over 100 different types of trees and other
plants, including broad-leafed evergreen
trees, ferns, tangled lianas
– Animals include varying species of
monkeys, colorful birds, flying squirrels,
tapirs, anteaters, ocelots, jaguars, and
armadillos
Tropical Rain Forest Plants
Tropical Rain Forest Monkeys
Desert
Desert
Abiotic factors:
– Average temps from 50 to 68 ° F (can go
as low as -4 and as high as 120)
– Annual precip < 25 cm (10 in)
Desert
Biotic factors:
– Specialized vegetation that is small and
does not need a lot of water such as cacti,
aloe, yucca
– Animals are mostly birds, reptiles, and
nocturnal animals including road runners,
scorpions, lizards, jack rabbits, kit foxes
Desert Animals
Grassland
Grassland
Found on every continent but Antarctica
Abiotic factors:
– Temps ranging from 14 to 77° F, with lots
of daily fluctuation
– Annual precip 25-75 cm (10-30 in)
Grassland
Biotic factors:
– Many small plants, including grasses
mosses, and lichens
– Animals include large grazing herbivores
such as bison and antelope in North
America, zebra, wildebeest, elephant,
giraffe in Africa
Grassland Animals
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Found in eastern North America, Asia, and
Europe
Abiotic factors:
– Temps ranging from -22 to 86 ° F
– Annual precip 75 to 125 cm (30-50 in)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Biotic factors:
– Trees like the sugar maple, beech, yellow
birch, pine, and oak; flowering plants,
mosses, ferns
– Animals such as white-tailed deer,
cottontail rabbit, gray squirrel, beaver,
raccoon, opossum, woodpecker
TDF Animals
Taiga
Taiga
Largest terrestrial biome
Soil completely thaws in summer
Found in Canada and Alaska
Abiotic factors:
– Temps ranging from -65° in winter to 70° in
summer
– Annual precip 50-125 cm (20-50 in)
Taiga
Biotic Factors:
– Vegetation includes coniferous trees,
ferns, mosses, mushrooms
– Animals include snowshoe hare, lynx,
shrew, weasel, black bear, woodchuck,
chickadee
Aquatic Biomes
Open water
Fresh water
Estuaries
Rocky intertidal
Open Water (ocean)
Abiotic factors:
– Small seasonal temperature variation
– Light and nutrient availability slight to
moderate
Biotic factors:
– Phytoplankton, fish, dolphins, whales
Fresh water (lakes, rivers, etc)
Abiotic factors:
– Slight to moderate temperature variations
– Light and nutrient availability usually good
Biotic factors:
– Vegetation like algae, mosses, and lichens
– Animals like insects, fish, amphibians,
reptiles, small mammals
Estuaries (salt water)
Abiotic factors:
– Extreme temperature variation, seasonal
precipitation
– Light and nutrient availability is good
Biotic factors:
– Vegetation like algae, mosses, lichens,
aquatic plants
– Animals like insect, shrimp, crabs, fish,
amphibians, birds
Rocky intertidal
Abiotic factors:
– Exposure to sunlight and air alternating
with being submerged by ocean water
Biotic factors:
– Vegetation is mainly algae
– Animals include barnacles, snails, sea
urchins, starfish, mussels