Transcript Romanesque Architecture - University of Southern Mississippi

Romanesque
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp
Topics
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Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
High Romanesque in France
Regional Romanesque
France
 Spain
 Italy
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Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
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The first completely vaulted churches of the
Romanesque were modest buildings
Erected by ordinary patrons in the Pyrenees and the
Western Alps
 Interior of the church enveloped an integrated stone
frame (instead of the traditional perishable timber)
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Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
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Abbey Church of St. Martin du Canigou
c. 1001 – 1026
 Built on a steeply falling site in the French Pyrenees
 Two stories
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Both three-aisled and barrel vaulted
Small, dark, and plain
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Illustrates considerable skill in handling a difficult site
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
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Abbey Church of Cluny
c. 910
 Originally a small, timber-roofed construction
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Called Cluny I
Replaced in 955 – 981
Called Cluny II
 Almost completely barrel vaulted
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Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
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Abbey Church of Cluny
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Had a great deal of Norman and Germanic
influence
Complex planning
 Twin-towered west façade
 Interplay of eastern and western tower groups
 Pyramid buildup of levels at the east
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Early Romanesque features
Vaulting
 Interior bareness
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Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
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Abbey Church of Cluny
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Rebuilt again in 1088
Known as Cluny III
 Featured more of a square schematic
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Was eventually torn down during the French
Revolution
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
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Abbey Church of St. Philibert
Located at Tournous, Burgundy, France
 Twin towered exterior
 Facade balanced by pyramidal buildup of the eastern
group
 Body of the church had a normal basilican plan
 Radiating chapels allowed for the display of relics at
different altars
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Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Early
Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
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Buildings embodied a full synthesis of northern
and southern early Romanesque
St Etienne in Nevers
c. 1063 – 1097
 Synthesizes the wall elevation of Mont-Saint Michel
with the barrel vaulting of Tournus
 Stone chapels
 Whole is built up in a pyramidal movement to
crossing tower
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Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
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Cathedral of Autun
c. 1120 – 1130
 Detailed classicism
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Wall layered and seems sculpted from a homogenous
mass of stone into deep layers of classicizing forms
 Delicately pointed curvature of nave vault and pointed
arches of nave arcade relieved weightliness
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Gothic style
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Pointed shape
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
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Ste-Madeline at Vezelay
A pilgrimage church
 Known for sculpture and interior
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Classical detailing
 Simplification of nave elevation
 Red and white banded arches
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Islamic element
Covered by a series of large cross vaults
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: High
Romanesque in France
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
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Western France
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Abbey Church at St. Savin sur Gartempe
Early twelfth century
 Groin vaulted aisles rise almost to the height of barrelvaulted nave
 Fresco cycle on the ceiling
 Descended from St. Philibert at Tournus
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Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
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Western France
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St. Front
Located in Perigueux, France
 Based on Byzantine churches but may have evolved from
earlier single-aisled rectangular styles
 Byzantine features
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Dome on pendentives in each of five units
Appearance is not Byzantine
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No decorations
Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
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Italy
Venice and Rome were among the most conservative
architectural centers of Europe
 12th century was the most active building period
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Due to a series of ambitious popes
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Built churches in early Christian style
Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Regional
Romanesque
Photo: Sullivan
References
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Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html
Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to
Postmodernity
Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture
Romanesque
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp