Romanesque Architecture: Northern Italy
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Transcript Romanesque Architecture: Northern Italy
Romanesque
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp
Topics
Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and Southern
Italy
Romanesque Architecture: Northern Italy
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
High Romanesque in Normandy and England
Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and
Southern Italy
Norman rulers arrived south of Rome in the
mid 11th century
Influences of Byzantium and Saracenic entangled
with northern European traditions
Important structures:
Norman Cathedrals of Cefalu
Church of S. Nicola, Bari
Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and
Southern Italy
Norman Cathedral of Cefalu
Located in Palermo, Sicily
Massive east with choir flanked by lateral chapels
Twin-towered façade
Fragile basilican nave with columnar supports
Interior featured a Byzantine mosaic of Christ
Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and
Southern Italy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and
Southern Italy
Church of S. Nicola
Located in Bari, Southern
Italy
A fusion of early
Christian with steep
proportions of Norman
models
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Northern
Italy
Structures in Northern Italy had a strong
classical tradition, but openness to adventurous
spirit
Less conservative than the south
Reflected the political and cultural individualism of
the North
Romanesque Architecture: Northern
Italy
Cathedral at Modena
c. 1099
15th century rib vaulting
Diaphragm arches
Open timber roof
Double-bay system
Triple-gallery arcade
Romanesque Architecture: Northern
Italy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Northern
Italy
S. Ambrogio, Milan
Triple apses
Barrel-vaulted forchoirs
Nave of four huge vaulted bays, aisles, and galleries
Atrium was almost as large as the church
Featured a deep facade structure flanked by towers
Rib vaulting
Became a major feature of Gothic architecture
Romanesque Architecture: Northern
Italy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Northern
Italy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Northern
Italy
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Tuscany was fortunate to have a wide range of
building materials
Marble
This helped to reinforce the classical tendency
of their architecture
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Pisan (Pisa)
Remarkable as a group of structures
Cemetery, basilica, tower, and baptistery
All featured a standard style
Same geometric clarity and sense of volume
Same decorative system and scale
Same color, texture, and materials
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Florentine
Rational, disciplined articulation
Sharp, exquisite Classical detail
Two dimensional
Key Structures
Baptistery of S. Giovanni, Florence
Church of S. Miniato al Monte, Florence
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Baptistery of S. Giovanni, Florence
c. 1153
Interior resembles the Pantheon
Centralized plan
Freestanding Corinthian columns
Exterior elevation mirrors the interior
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Church of S. Miniato al Monte, Florence
Medium-sized unvaulted basilica
Interior separated by three large bays
Rich, paneled arcading
Features a half-dome mosaic
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Photo: Sullivan
Romanesque Architecture: Tuscany
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
In these locations a new concept of nave wall
appeared
Major structures
Durham Cathedral, England
Ely Cathedral, England
High Romanesque in England
Durham Cathedral
c. 1093 -1130
Linear decorative accents
Choir-aisle vaults
Nave vaults formed a unique double-X pattern of
ribs
Shows that rib vaulting was a crucial development
for the Gothic period of architecture
High Romanesque in England
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
Ely Cathedral
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
Winchester Cathedral
Photo: Sullivan
High Romanesque in England
Photo: Sullivan
References
Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html
Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to
Postmodernity
Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture
Romanesque
Architecture
Architectural History
ACT 322
Doris Kemp