Transcript Ingen diastitel

Приватизация тепловых активов в Литве
Vytautas Stasiūnas
President of Lithuanian District Heating Association
2 Марта 2006, Москва
Научно-практической конференции «Система взаимоотношений в теплоснабжении.
Требования существующего и нового законодательства
Main factors retaining DH undestroyed in
Lithuania
• Big investments during 1960-1990
• Cold climate conditions, where heating season lasts for 6 -7
months/year
• Big demand for heat energy for hot water preparation all-yearround
• The effective and well-timed support from West European
countries (particularly from Scandinavia)
Lithuania
Population: 3,6 mill.
Area: 65 300 km2
Moscow, Russia
0%
Finland
60%
Denmark
40%42%
Lithuania
50%
Sweden
Czech
Slovakia
29%
Estonia
Romania
12%12% 12%
Austria
20%
Bulgaria
Hungary
Icelend
Germany
1% 3% 3%
6%
Croatia
10%
Norway
Switzerland
Italy
UK
DH market share in Europe
58%
55%
45%46%
40%
30%
30%
18%
15%
8%
Law on the Reorganization of the Special Purpose Company
“Lietuvos Energija” and Transfer of the District Heating and its
Management to Municipalities (1997 year)
Until 1997, DH sector belonged to the uniform system of Lietuvos
energija AB. The heat price was uniform in all country 89.4 LTL/MWh.
1997 – the first stage of decentralization
- 6 regional and 13 municipal DH companies were
established
- The State subsidies not received were transfered as a
debt to DH utilities. The long term-liability amounting to
almost 400 mio LTL was formed;
- The heat price have grown by 10-30%;
- Municipal companies were regulated by the municipalities
(including price fixing) and regional companies by National
Control Commission for Prices and Energy.
1998 – the second stage of decentralization
- From 1998-2001 regional DH companies (Klaipėda, Šiauliai,
Alytus, Vilnius, Kaunas) were divided into smaller new DH
utilities in cities and districts (about 40 municipal companies).
- This stage was critical. The majority of DH companies
operated unprofitably;
- Increase in heat prices caused a discontent to heat
consumers, many of them rushed to disconnect from DH and
to install their own heat boilers;
- During 1996-2000 heat generation reduced by 33 %
- This stage is not fully completed. Up until now one regional
DH utility (Panevežys) remained.
The years 2001-2005 may be specified as the period of
stabilization on the DH market.
DH companies – members of LDHA
1.
2.
3.
UAB “Vilniaus energija”
AB “Kauno energija”
UAB “Litesko” filialai:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4.
AB “Panevėžio energija”
•
•
•
•
•
5.
6.
7.
“Kėdainių šilumos tinklai”
“Rokiškio šilumos tinklai”
“Kupiškio šilumos tinklai”
“Pasvalio šilumos tinklai”
“Zarasų šilumo tinklai”
AB “Klaipėdos energija”
AB “Šiaulių energija”
UAB “Eenergija” filialai:
•
•
•
8.
9.
10.
“Alytaus energija”
“Kelmės šiluma”
“Marijampolės šiluma”
“Palangos šiluma”
“Telšių šiluma”
“Vilkaviškio šiluma”
“Druskininkų šiluma”
“Biržų šiluma”
UAB “Prienų energija”
UAB “Ukmergės energija”
UAB “Akmenės energija”
AB “Jonavos šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Mažeikių šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Utenos šilumos tinklai”
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
UAB “Tauragės šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Šilutės šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Radviliškio šiluma”
UAB “Anykščių šiluma”
UAB “Raseinių šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Kaišiadorių šiluma”
UAB “Švenčionių energija”
UAB “Ignalinos šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Plungės šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Pakruojo šiluma”
UAB “Šakių šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Lazdijų šiluma”
UAB “Birštono šiluma”
UAB “Širvintų šiluma”
UAB “Molėtų šiluma”
UAB “Šilalės šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Vilniaus rajono šilumos
tinklai”
UAB “Fortum Heat Lietuva”
Other DH companies – potential to be the
members of LDHA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
UAB “Trakų šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Skuodo šiluma”
UAB “Elektrėnų komunalinis ūkis”
UAB “Joniškio energija”
UAB “Kretingos šilumos tinklai”
UAB “Neringos energija”
UAB “Šalčininkų šiluma”
UAB “Rietavo komunalinis ūkis”
UAB “Gelvita”
VĮ “Visagino energija”
Growth of LDHA member-companies in DH market 2001-2004
2001
2001
2003
2004
Total heat delivered to the
network (GWh)
10700
10630
10440
10300
Including LDHA members
(GWh)
9720
10242
10262
10198
%
90,8
96,3
98,3
99,0
Other DH comp
102,4 GWh; 1%
2005
LDHA DH
membercompanies;
10197,6 GWh;
99%
DH Ownership structure, 2005
The lease of heat utilities to foreign and domestic investors started in
2000. Private capital has entered in the DH sector offering high
investments for modernization and stable prices
Private (ownership
Public 100% in
municipality)
Partnership
(PPP)
45%
Municipalities;
55% (9.5% with JV)
Leased companies
DALKIA group
(France):
UAB “E energija”
(local investors):
UAB “Fortum Heat”
(Finland):
-UAB “Vilniaus energija”
- UAB “Prienų
energija”
- UAB “Ukmergės
energija”
- UAB “Akmenės
energija”
- UAB “Joniškio
energija (51%
share owners)
-UAB “LITESKO”:
“Alytaus energija”
“Kelmės šiluma”
“Marijampolės šiluma”
“Palangos šiluma”
“Telšių šiluma”
“Vilkaviškio šiluma”
“Druskininkų šiluma”
“Biržų šiluma”
- UAB “Švenčionių
energija” (51%
share owners)
Public Private Partnership
How that works?
Heat Law (adopted 20 May, 2003)
• New heat law forbids municipalities to sell DHN of more than
5 GWh/year to privatize them
• It defines rules for private operations through lease
agreements
• obligation for the operator to invest in such amount that
book value of lease assets at the end of lease are not less
than original value
• taxation and control and supervision by regulator and
state institutions are identical what ever scheme (leased
or municipal operations)
• private or municipal operators must follow public
procurement rules
Control of DH companies
 National Control Commission for Prices and Energy:
heat pricing policy, price fixing, issuance of licenses to all DH
companies and controlling their activities, coordination of
investment projects, provision of recommendations on heat
quantity allocation among residential customers, consumer rights
protection, and investigation of complaints.
 State Energy Inspectorate:
exercise control over the technical safety and operation of energy
equipment, also the security of production, transmission,
distribution, and supply of energy and energy resources as well as
efficiency
 All procurement procedures are performed in compliance with the Law
on Public Procurement
LDHA is a member of Euroheat&Power
(International Association for District Heating,
District Cooling and Combined Heat&Power)
• From July, 2001 LDHA was associated member of Euroheat&Power.
• From March, 2003 LDHA became a full-right member.
Euroheat&Power (Brussels) unites 20 European heat suppliers associations:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Iceland
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Great Britain
Holand
Czech
•
•
•
•
•
•
Germany
France
Switzerland
Italy
Finland
Austria
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia
Hungary
Romania
Heat Prices in Central and East European Countries, 2004
Country
Heat Price (excluding VAT)
1
Bulgaria
75,9 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
2
Czech
3
Estonia
4
Hungary
5
Latvia
6
Lithuania
7
Poland
8
Romania
65,6 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
9
Slovakia
< 163,7 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
10
Austria
11
Denmark
12
Finland
145,7 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
13
Germany
189,4 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
14
Holand
184,6Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
15
Norway
176,1 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
16
Sweden
165,7 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
86,3-258,9 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
103,6 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
86,3 - 172,64 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
62,2 - 113,9 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
113,5 Lt/MWh (at flat)
124,3 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
185,9 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
138,5 – 172,6 Lt/MWh (at lead-in)
Legal Acts in Central and East European Countries
Country
Energy Law
Electricity
Law
Natural
Gas Law
Heat Law
Energy
Efficiency Law
1
Bulgaria
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
2
Czech
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
3
Estonia
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
4
Hungary
No
Yes
Yes
Naujas CŠT įst.
Yes
5
Latvia
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
6
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
Taip
Yes
No
7
Poland
Yes
No
No
No
No
8
Romania
No
Yes
Yes
CŠT įst.
projektas
Yes
9
Slovakia
Yes
No
No
No
No
Key indicators of the Lithuanian DH sector
Unit
2001
2002
2003
2004
Heat delivered to the
network
GWh
10824
10623
10440
10300
Heat delivered to
consumers
GWh
8166
8244
8309
8140
Technological heat losses
%
21.1
18.8
18.1
17,8
Average cost of fuel
EUR/toe
135
131
131
126
Turn over for heating
mio. EUR
272
278
277
268
Average price
EUR/MWh
33.3
33.7
33.3
32.9
Heat energy balance (1996-2004)
Šilumos energijos technologiniai nuostoliai tinkluose, %
DH transmission loss, %
16
15
15,2
%
14
TWh
13
23
2000
12,34
12
21,1
18,8
18,1
17,8
2001
2002
2003
2004
11,3
11
10
25
20
15
10
5
0
10,24
9
10,7
10,63
10,44
10,3
8,16
8,24
8,31
8,14
10,19
8,89
8,25
8
7,54
7
1996
1998
1999
Patiekta į tinklą (heat delivered to network)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Pateikta vartotojams (heat delivered to cumsumers)
Competition in heat market among heat producers
Implementing the Heat Law several DH companies purchase large amounts
of heat from independent heat producers. In such a way certain market
(competition) successfully is formed at heat production stage.
AB “Klaipėdos
energija”
UAB “Vilniaus
energija”
AB “Panevėžio
energija”
UAB “Plungės
šilumos tinklai”
During 2004 DH companies have purchased about 2200 GWh heat from industrial
companies. It makes about 20 % of total heat delivered to DH network.
UAB “Pajūrio mediena”
UAB “Geoterma”
AB “Izobara”
AB “Klaipėdos baldai”
AB “Grigiškės”
AB “Lifosa”
AB “Simega”
AB “Panevėžio
stiklas”
UAB “Plungės
bioenergija”
Heat energy consumption, 2005
Industry /
business
companies
8,5%
Other
consumers
7,8%
Budgetary
organizatio
ns
13,2%
Inhabitants
70,5%
Heat users
700000
600000
500000
477462
523723
544630
572867
584255
400000
300000
200000
114913
(24,06% )
142297
(27,17% )
123628
(22,70% )
119518
(20,86% )
129687
22,19% )
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
100000
0
Total number of users
Number of indebted users
gg
Fuels used for DH production 1997-2004
90,0
83,6
82,3
80,1
80,0
75,5
72,0
70,0
68,5
59,1
60,0
%
52,5
50,0
44,1
38,1
40,0
30,0
27,3
22,7
18,7
17,2
20,0
5,6
10,0
9,7
10,0
1,2 3,0
2,0 1,5
2,0 0,8
2,0
4,0
1,3
0,6
5,0
0,8
7,2
0,8
0,8
0,0
1997
Gamtinės dujos (Natural Gas)
1998
1999
Mazutas (Mazute)
2000
2001
2002
2003
Atsinaujinantys energijos ištekliai (Renewables)
2004
Kitas kuras (Other fuel)
It is foressen that production of heat using local, renewable and waste
resources would make 17% in general heat balance in 2010, and 23% in 2020.
The share of renewable energy resources (biofuel) in
general fuel structure
Biofuel boiler houses:
~200 pcs
(~ 416 MW capacity)
12,0
10,0
10,0
%
8,0
7,2
6,0
5,0
4,0
4,0
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,0
1998
1999
2000
1,2
0,0
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
Comparison of fuel input for DH production in
Lithuania and Sweden, 2004
Biofuel
10,0%
Other fuel
0,8%
Electric
boilers; 3%
Natural
gas
83,6%
Mazute
5,6%
Natural gas;
6%
Mazute;
10%
Heat pumps;
14%
Other fuel;
5%
Renewables;
60%
Lithuania
Sweden
Forecast structure of fuel input for DH
production in the case available potential
of biofuel to be utilized
Biofuel resources
utilized recently
Biofuel
10,0%
Natural gas
42,3%
Potential of local and renewable
resources available for utilization
Wood 100 000 t.n.e (500
Straw 150 000 t.n.e (500
Mun. waste 60 000 t.n.e (350
Willows, sludge 90 000 t.n.e.(450
000 t)
000 t)
000 t)
000 t)
_________________________
TOTAL ~400 000 t.n.e.
Unused
potential
of biofuel
41,3%
Mazute
Other fuel 5,6%
0,8%
On 13 October, 2005 Lithuanian District Heating Association (LDHA), Lithuanian
Biofuel Producers and Suppliers Association (LBGTA) and Lithuanian Wood
Owners Association (LMSA) signed a triangular agreement for the development of
biofuel utilization for district heat production in Lithuania.
Under this agreement it will be strive to implement the national strategic goals, that
the share of local, renewable and waste resources used in heat production would
make up 17 % of the gross heat production balance in 2010, and 23 % - in 2020.
Joint activities set in the Contract:
• dissemination of information between organizations;
• planning of joint meetings and seminars;
• to form a committee on biofuel under LMSA council;
• promotion of biofuel supply among wood owners;
• increasing public awareness about strategic benefit of biofuel .
Average Heat Price (1996-2005)
150
106,2
109,1
111,6
1999
2000
114,9
116,5
115,1
113,5
111,1
100
Lt/MWh
74,9
50
0
1996
1998
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
CHP electricity delivered to the network
2000
1800
1671
1718
2003
2004
1600
1400
1380
1215
GWh
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2001
2002
Guidelines of DH Development
•
•
The share of CHP electricity would make up not less than 35% in
2020 (currently it makes about 17.2%)
The share of CHP heat would make up not less than 75% in 2020
(currently it makes about 50%)
DH companies - electricity producers
•
•
•
Produce for own
use and purchase
to National
Elctricity Network
•
•
•
•
•
Produce for own
use
•
III Vilniaus elektrinė (UAB "Vilniaus
energija")
II Vilniaus elektrinė (UAB "Vilniaus
energija")
Klaipėdos elektrinė (AB "Klaipėdos
energija")
Kauno TE (UAB “Kauno termofikacijos
elektrinės)
Petrašiūnų elektrinė, Noreikiškių kat.
(AB "Kauno energija")
Panevežio elektrinė (AB "Panevėžio
energija")
Druskininkų elektrinė (UAB "Litesko")
Šiaulių elektrinė (AB "Šiaulių energija")
Jonavos elektrinė (AB "Jonavos
šilumos tinklai")
Heat consumption and payments for heating in new
and old erected apartment buildings
(Heat tariff 10 ct/kWh)
Old houses;
Average flat of 60 m2
Payments for heating
156 Lt/month
New buildings
average flat of 60 m2
Payments for heating
54 Lt/month
Heat consumption in old and new erected houses
Build in
40 flats
multyfamily
apartment
house
(heating
area
1756 m2)
102 flats
multyfamily
apartment
house
(heating
area
6923 m2
1962
2001
Total
Consumed heat amount, kWh
Price 1 m2 LTL
(excluding
For
For hot
Space heating of
VAT)
heating
water
1m2 (kWh/m2)
preparation
Period
23000
38000
41000
62000
65230
43300
18054
33891
36704
58011
61307
39567
4946
4109
4296
3989
3923
3733
10,28
19,30
20,91
33,04
34,92
22,54
1,04
1,95
2,12
3,35
3,52
2,28
10/2003
11/2003
12/2003
1/2004
2/2004
3/2004
28000
23649
4351
13,47
154,46
1,36
2,23
4/2004
37000
75000
58000
106000
106000
82000
58000
11967
46508
32998
75181
77716
51926
32777
13608
17067
13578
19395
16860
18650
13799
1,73
6,72
4,77
10,86
11,22
7,50
4,73
47,53
0,18
0,69
0,49
1,12
1,16
0,77
0,49
0,70
10/2003
11/2003
12/2003
1/2004
2/2004
3/2004
4/2004
Long-term renovation program
“Let’s renovate dwelling- renovate City”
• On June 2004 Vilnius City
Municipality started the
implementation of long – term
renovation program “Let’s
renovate dwelling - renovate
City”.
• World fund for Environmental
Protection gave a loan of 6,5
million USD (3 million USD is
intended for building
renovation).
• Pilot project – overall
renovation of 3 multi-family
apartment buildings - is
implemented within this project
framework.
Legal Acts on Renovation of Multy-family
Apartment Houses
• Lithuanian Housing Strategy (Adopted on 21-01-2004);
• Support Programme on Renovation of Multy-family
Apartment Houses (Adopted on 23-09-2004, modified on 2106-2005)
• Measures and terms of implementation of Directive
2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council on the energy performance of buildings (Adopted
on 27-12-2004)
• Law on State Support for Housing’s Procure or Rent and
Modernization of Multy-family Apartment Houses
(Adopted with modifications on 24-03-2005)
On 7 March, 2005 Lithuanian District Heating Association
received the grant form EU Structural fund for the implenetation
of the Project "Training of District Heating Companies”
Europos Sąjunga
•
•
•
•
Project Goal – increase skills and
knowledge of the employees of
the District Heating Companies in
the area of management,
marketing, finance management
and accounting, EU energy policy
Projected group: 47 high level
and middle level managers and
accountants from heat supply
companies
Project duration – 24 months
Project value – 204 900 Lt
Funding – 150 842 Lt, LDHA
funding – 54 058 Lt
On 26 October LDHA has signed service
supply contract for training with Lithuanian
Institute of Public Administration
From June 2004 LDHA is implementing ES Phare project SENET:
“Applying Corporate Social Responsibility and cross-border networking
of local authorities and energy associations towards rational and
sustainable energy use in the context of enlarged EU”
Project duration: 24 months (June, 2004June, 2006)
Project budget: Total budget 920 thous.
EUR (EU support 682 thous. EUR, own
contribution 238 thous EUR)
Project partners are 9 companies from 5 EU countries:
from Finland : City of Vantaa (Lead partner);
from Austria: Graz Energy Agency and City of Graz;
from Latvia: Association of Latvian District Heating companies and City of Ogre;
from Estonia: Estonian Power and Heat Association and Association of
Municipalities of Estonia
from Lithuania: Lithuanian District Heating Association and Kaunas City Municipality.
LDHA has formed a working group (20 members) on
implementation of Supplementing acts of Heat Law
•
•
This group is acting from
September 2002 when the heat
law was under preparation. The
meetings are held on Fridays
The main subjects of meetings:
– related conceptual problems
and their analyzes,
– introduction of relevant legal
acts, which under preparation
(drafts) and which has entered
into force
– relations between DH
companies and governmental
and municipal organizations
implementing the provisions of
legal acts in practice.
100th meeting was held in September 2005
Group members are the representatives from:
- Governmental institutions (Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Environment,
Energy Agency, State Energy Inspectorate, National Control Commission for Prices and
Energy),
- Consumer organizations (National Consumer Rights Protection Board, Lithuanian
Consumer association, Federation of Apartment House Owners Associations),
- Associations (Association of Local Authorities, Water Suppliers Association)
- Consultants
National Energy Strategy - Heat Sector
Adopted by Seimas: 10/10-2002
Strategy for the Heat Supply Development
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heat supply development plans for municipalities
CHP in DH systems (after the closure of Ignalina NPP)
Encourage use of local and renewable energy sources
Improve energy efficiency
Competition among heat producers
Procedure for independent heat producers
Modernise heat supply systems
Procedure for the purchase of CHP electricity
Energy Law
Adopted by Seimas: 16/5-2002
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Energy savings
Energy efficient use of primary energy sources
Reducing energy intensity
Diversification (fuel imports, indigenous fuels)
Promotion of indigenous fuels
Reliable and cost-effective production
Reducing effects on the environment
Forming legal and economic conditions for investments
Increase economic efficiency: competition, private invest.
Heat Law
Adopted by Seimas: 20/5-2003
• Heat operator tasks (supply heat, maintain system)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heat planning and zoning etc.
Relation with heat consumers (responsibilities)
New customer contract principles
Regulation of consumers’ disconnection options
Transparency for consumers
Access for external parties to supply heat
Separation from municipal economic activities
Competition in DH sector
• The competition between the suppliers of alternative
types of fuels.
• The heat production shall be based on the
competition between the heat producers.
• The hot water preparation and supply shall be based
on competition.
• The state (municipalities) shall promote competition
in the field of maintenance of heating and hot water
systems inside the multy-family apartment houses.
Municipal Heat Plans
• The municipalities shall manage the heat sector in
conformity with the special Municipal Heat Plans.
• The main objective of the Municipal Heat Plans shall be
to satisfy the consumers heat demand on least costs.
• The Municipal Heat Plans shall be in conformity with
the state strategy, national objectives in the energy
industry.
• The government may provide assistance and support in
implementing the Municipal Heat Plans.
There are 60 municipalities in Lithuania
No municipal
Heat plans 13 ;
(22%)
M unicipal heat
plans are
under
preparation; 8;
(13%)
M unicipal heat
plans are
confirmed; 39;
(65%)
DHC: the link
Surplus
heat
from
industry
Geotherma
l
Municipa
l Waste
Biofuels
CHP
Fossil fuels